Superbenzene–Porphyrin Conjugates

A free‐base porphyrin carrying two hexabenzocoronene (HBC) substituents in a trans arrangement and its zinc complex have been prepared. The compounds were characterized extensively and found to form tricationic dimers in the gas phase. X‐ray crystallography confirms for the zinc complex a profound π‐stacking of the HBC moieties. In contrast, the free‐base porphyrin incarcerates n‐heptane which essentially prevents π‐stacking. Upon excitation of the HBC substituents, efficient energy transfer to the central porphyrin is observed.     

Crown‐Ether‐Like Structures Derived from a Ti8O8(Carboxylate)16 Metallacycle

Mixed‐metal clusters have been obtained from the reaction of titanium alkoxides with either strontium or lead acetate and methacrylic acid. The structures of the clusters are derived from the metallacycle Ti₈O₈(methacrylate)₁₆. The Sr and Pb atoms in Sr₂Ti₈O₈X₂(OOCMe)₂(methacrylate)₁₆ (X: acetate or OiPr) and Pb₂Ti₈O₈(OBu)₂X₂(methacrylate)₁₆(BuOH)₂ (X: acetate or methacrylate) occupy the central cavity of the Ti₈O₈ ring. In addition to the crown‐ether‐like coordination of the ring oxygen atoms to the Sr or Pb atoms, bridging carboxylate ligands support the coordination of the latter atoms. In the compound Pb₂Ti₆O₅(OiPr)₃X(methacrylate)₁₄ (X: OiPr or methacrylate), the lead atoms are coordinated by a fragment of the Ti₈O₈(methacrylate)₁₆ metallacycle.     

The structure of {[Co(pht)(bpy)(H2O)]·3H2O}n (pht is phthalate and bpy is 4,4′‐bipyridine) and the role of solvent water clusters in structure stability

The Co^II cation in poly[[aqua(μ‐benzene‐1,2‐dicarboxylato‐κ³O¹,O²:O¹)(μ‐4,4′‐bipyridine‐κ²N:N′)cobalt(II)] trihydrate], {[Co(C₈H₄O₄)(C₁₀H₈N₂)(H₂O)]·3H₂O}_n, is octahedrally coordinated by two N atoms of two 4,4′‐bipyridine ligands, three O atoms from phthalate anions and a fourth O atom from a coordinated water molecule. The packing consists of planes of coordination polymers linked by hydrogen bonds mediated by three solvent water molecules; the linkage is achieved by the water molecules forming intricate oligomeric clusters which also involve the O atoms of the phthalate ligands.     

A theoretical study of the effects of transition metal dopants on the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen on nickel clusters

The structure, stability, adsorption, and dissociation of H₂ on nickel clusters doped with late transition metals were investigated using density functional theory with the BP86 functional. Molecular hydrogen physisorption occurred at a vertex atom with a low coordination number. Charge transfer between clusters and the H₂ molecule stabilized the physisorption. The chemisorption of H₂ occurred at the bridge sites, without any structural or spin change of the clusters. Among the pentamer clusters, Cd, Zn, and Au had the lowest chemisorption energies, while Ir and Pt had higher chemisorption energies for hydrogen. The computed reaction energies and activation barriers for the dissociation mechanism showed that dopants such as Rh, Pd, Pt, and Au have endothermic reaction energies and low activation barriers. This facilitates the reversible adsorption/dissociation of the H₂ molecule on these metal‐doped clusters. The dopant atoms play a major role in modulating the physisorption, chemisorption, and dissociation mechanism of H₂ on nickel clusters. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Vacancy-solute complexes and their clusters in iron

In this contribution, several vacancy-solute complexes in iron are investigated theoretically from the viewpoint of positron annihilation. In particular, V-Si, V-P, V-Cr, V-Mn, V-Ni, V-Cu and V-Mo complexes are examined. In addition, nano-sized vacancy-Cu clusters in the Fe matrix are also studied. We concentrate on positron lifetimes and coincidence Doppler broadening profiles that bring complementary information about the studied complexes and their clusters. Positron calculations are carried out using the atomic superposition method employing realistic atomic configurations obtained recently using an ab initio pseudopotential method (vacancy-solute complexes) and Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics methods (vacancy-Cu clusters). The main aim of this study is to predict as to what extent such defects are detectable and differentiable using positron annihilation techniques. The results obtained are discussed in the context of experimental data available in the literature.     

气相中原子分子成簇动力学Ⅱ.碳簇形成动力学

在前文所提出的成簇动力学模型的基础上，对碳的成簇过程进行了模拟，结果表明碳簇的形成是一个任意加成的过程．随团簇尺寸增加，加成反应速度减慢．原子数目约为20－48的中等碳簇具有异常大的反应速率常数，显示了它们具有最多的碳簇边缘原子；可能为尚未封口的碗型结构．团簇形成过程中，还发生解离反应，其中小团簇的解离过程更为重要．在综合考虑各种因素之后，成功地模拟出了与实验结果一致的团簇分布．对不同反应常数的分析则揭示出团簇几何构型方面的特点．     

Eigenmodes of a compressible liquid drop

The eigenmodes of a non-viscous, compressible liquid drop are investigated. The spectrum is shown to be derivable from two Hermitian eigenvalue problems which are weakly coupled by a non-Hermitian operator. It is shown that both eigenvalue problems admit an asymptotic, lepto-dermous expansion. Their contribution to the entropy of the droplet therefore also allows for such an expansion.     

离子簇合物(N_2)~+Ne_n(n=1,2,3)的从头计算研究

利用Ｇａｕｓｉａｎ９４量子化学从头算程序，选择ＵＭＰ２／６－３１１Ｇ方法，对Ｎ＋２Ｎｅｎ（ｎ＝１，２，３）的离子簇合物进行了几何全优化，并通过频率分析确认了体系的稳定构型，得到了各稳定簇合物的离解能．用ＵＨＦ／６－３１１Ｇ方法，计算了Ｎ＋２离子在ｎ个氖原子（ｎ＝１，２，３）氛围中的转动势垒．计算表明：线性结构是Ｎ＋２Ｎｅｎ（ｎ＝１，２）的最稳定结构；与Ｎ＋２Ｈｅｎ比较，Ｎ＋２Ｎｅｎ的诱导电荷更大，束缚势阱更深，各向导性明显，Ｎ＋２没有在原子氛围中的自由这些计算与Ｍａｉｅｒ实验结果一致．     

Efficient global geometry optimization of clusters

The method of global geometry optimization of atomic and molecular clusters by evolutionary algorithms is briefly presented and reviewed. As an exemplary application of a parallelized implementation of such an algorithm, neutral pure water clusters are globally optimized. In contrast to previous studies, the sophisticated and quantitatively reliable TTM2-F potential is employed. Significant qualitative differences to the earlier results are found, implicating a breakdown of simple water models for water clusters of non-trivial size.     

Matrix embedded cobalt-carbon nano-cluster magnets: behavior as room temperature single domain magnets

A new type of Co-C nanoparticles is synthesized from CH₂Cl₂ solution of Co₄(CO)_{1 2} by heating up to 210 ^°C in a closed vessel. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) observation show that the particles are embedded in amorphous carbon and their average size is 12 nm. The radial structure function obtained from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of the Co K-edge absorption of the Co-C nanoparticles provides a Co-C average distance of 2.08 Å and the Co-Co distances of 3.18 Å and 3.9 (±0.2) Å. The particles exhibit the magnetic hysteresis curve with a coercive force of 200 Oe at 20 K and 260 Oe at 300 K. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility measured under zero-field cooling and 10 Oe field cooling conditions exhibits the behavior characteristic of a set of single magnetic domain nanomagnets in an amorphous carbon matrix.