Effect of interfacial adhesion on the mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) modified with cross-linked poly(methyl methacrylate) particles prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization

The effect of interfacial adhesion on the mechanical properties of an incompatible polymer blend was investigated. For this purpose, the preparation of non-cross-linked and cross-linked poly(methyl methacrylate) particles having mean sizes of about 0.8 μm was completed by seeded emulsion polymerization, and the number and the distribution of cross-linked points in the particles were varied. The emulsion particles obtained were powdered by a freeze–dry method and dispersed into a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix by melt blending. The non-cross-linked particles were completely dissolved in the matrix because poly(methyl methacrylate) has good compatibility with poly(vinyl chloride). On the other hand, in the case of the cross-linked particles, the mutual diffusion of the polymer molecules was restricted within the particle/matrix interfacial regions owing to the cross-linked points. Additionally, interfacial structures with different concentration slope dependent upon the number and the distribution of inner cross-linked points were developed with the same domain size. Mechanical and fracture properties were measured. As a result, both yield stress and fracture toughness decreased with a decrease in the interfacial adhesion, and the decrease was found to occur as a result of interfacial debonding. When the interfacial adhesion was sufficient it was never observed that the level was lower than that of the components. Received: 6 April 2000 Accepted: 29 September 2000     

Valorization of olive husk flour as a filler for biocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate): Effects of silane treatment

The paper deals with the influence of surface treatment of olive husk flour (OHF) by trimethoxyoctadecylsilane (TMOS) on the morphology and physical properties of bio-composites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Biocomposites based on PHBV/OHF: 80/20 (w/w) before and after filler treatment were prepared by melt compounding, while the modification of OHF surface by TMOS was performed by thermo-chemical vapor deposition. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed that modification of OHF by TMOS led to homogeneous and finer dispersion of the filler particles in PHBV matrix, indicating improved compatibility between the two components. Further, TGA data revealed an increase in thermal stability of treated PHBV/OHF biocomposites. An increase in the crystalline index determined by DSC was also observed due to the nucleating effect of OHF in the polymer matrix, however more pronounced for the treated biocomposites. The latter exhibited better tensile properties, as confirmed by DMA results, showing higher reinforcing effect of OHF for the treated biocomposites. This study highlighted significant improvements of the properties of PHBV/OHF biocomposites through silane treatment of OHF.     

苯硫酚盐基溶液的可充镁电池电解液

将4-甲基苯硫酚、4-异丙基苯硫酚和4-甲氧基苯硫酚(RSH)分别与格氏试剂C₂H₅MgCl/THF(四氢呋喃)反应制得的苯硫酚氯化镁(RSMgCl)(分别标记为MBMC、IPBMC和MOBMC)/THF和进一步与Lewis 酸AlCl₃反应制得的(RSMgCl)_n-AlCl₃/THF(n=1,1.5,2)苯硫酚盐基溶液用作可充镁电池电解液,采用循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试研究了电解液的镁沉积-溶出性能和氧化分解电位. 结果表明,苯硫酚上的基团种类和RSMgCl与AlCl₃的比例对其电化学性能有影响. 其中,0.5 mol·L^-1(IPBMC)_1.5-AlCl₃/THF 溶液具有最佳的电化学性能,其氧化分解电位适宜(2.4 V(vs Mg/Mg²⁺)),镁沉积-溶出循环效率稳定,过电位低,电导率较高(2.48 mS·cm^-1),与正极材料Mo₆S₈兼容性良好,且具有一定的空气稳定性,配制方便,有希望应用于实际的可充镁电池体系中.     

A ratio scale metric and the compatibility of ratio scales: The possibility of arrow's impossibility theorem

We develop a metric for ratio scales and explore the notion of compatibility of two sets of measurements of a set of objects or properties on a ratio scale. We briefly address Arrow's impossibility theorem. We maintain that it is not as impossible as claimed when, as in reality, a certain degree of inconsistency and incompatibility are allowed.     

最佳混合范数逼近

最佳混合范数逼近@王建东...     

On infinite dimensional quadratic Volterra operators

In this paper we study a class of quadratic operators named by Volterra operators on infinite dimensional space. We prove that such operators have infinitely many fixed points and the set of Volterra operators forms a convex compact set. In addition, it is described its extreme points. Besides, we study certain limit behaviors of such operators and give some more examples of Volterra operators for which their trajectories do not converge. Finally, we define a compatible sequence of finite dimensional Volterra operators and prove that any power of this sequence converges in weak topology.     

COMPATIBILITY OF POLY (STYRENE-B-2-VINYL PYRIDINE)/IONOMER BLENDS BASED ON ION-LIGAND INTERACTION

1. INTRODUCTION The blending of polymers is an economically viable and versatile way in which new materials can be produced to have a wide range of properties. The majority of polymers are immiscible at the molecular level as given by laws of thermodynami…     

木质素磺酸钙与聚乙烯醇的相互作用及共混材料的性能

采用热分析、扫描电镜、力学性能测试方法研究了木质素磺酸钙(HLS)与PVA的相互作用及HLS对PVA热性能、结晶性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明,HLS可均匀分布在PVA基体中,HLS与PVA的FloryHuggins相互作用参数为负值(≈-0.0002),意味着HLS与PVA间存在强相互作用,具有良好的相容性,在熔融状态下可混容;HLS可降低PVA的平衡熔点,提高PVA的热分解温度,拓宽PVA的热塑加工温度窗口;HLS可抑制PVA结晶,对PVA起增强作用,使HLS/PVA共混膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量升高,断裂伸长率减小,35%HLS可使PVA的拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别提高91.9%和604.7%.     

细乳液聚合制备接枝纳米粒子及其在聚合物基体中的空间分布调控

采用细乳液聚合制备了不同接枝链长度和密度的聚苯乙烯接枝二氧化硅纳米复合粒子(Si O2-PS).利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、示差扫描量热(DSC)、热失重(TGA)与凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)考察了Si O2-PS粒子接枝结构特征.采用TEM研究了接枝链聚合度(N)和接枝密度(σ)对Si O2-PS填充PS体系纳米粒子空间分布的影响规律.结果显示,N基本不变,σ越高,纳米粒子越易均匀分散;而接枝链过长易使长链相互缠结,起到反浸润作用,粒子聚集,不利于均匀分散.纳米粒子热力学稳定分散状态仅与N、σ有关,与粒径无关.通过调控N和σ可得到特定的纳米粒子分散形貌.对比考察了Si O2-PS填充聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)体系结果,揭示了接枝链与基体分子链相容性对纳米粒子空间分布的贡献.     

离子液体增塑改性玉米淀粉/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混材料的结构与性能

为考察离子液体对淀粉/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的作用效果,降低淀粉/PBS的脆性,以离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐[BMIM]Cl)作为增塑改性剂通过熔融共混法制备了玉米淀粉/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混材料,采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)及力学性能测试方法研究了[BMIM]Cl对淀粉/PBS共混材料结构和性能的影响.结果表明,[BMIM]Cl能与淀粉/PBS分子发生强相互作用,破坏淀粉/PBS共混物中原有的氢键与结晶结构,增强界面相互作用,改善相容性,进而改变淀粉/PBS共混材料的结构与性能;[BMIM]Cl的加入不影响淀粉/PBS的热稳定性,可使材料玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、结晶温度(Tc)、冷结晶温度(Tcc)及结晶度(Xc)降低.[BMIM]Cl具有显著降低淀粉/PBS脆性的作用,使其断裂伸长率大幅度增加,拉伸强度和弹性模量降低.