激光接收与彩色电视共窗口设计

介绍了激光接收和彩色电视共窗口的多波段光谱融合技术.采用一个焦距为20~450 mm的连续变焦距镜头(视场角在13.68°×10.26°~0.61°×0.46°内连续变化),在会聚光或平行光的条件下,采用立方棱镜或平板玻璃分光,分别进行了对比试验.结果显示,使用会聚光下的立方棱镜分光,在大视场13.68°×10.26°的情况下,光线入射角最大,色偏移严重,图像颜色严重失真.随着视场角的减小,光线入射角减小,图像颜色失真程度逐渐减小,越接近小视场0.61°×0.46°,图像颜色失真现象基本消失;而使用平板玻璃对平行光分光的条件下分光,连续变焦距镜头在整个视场范围内,不仅光学像差满足要求,同时解决了棱镜分光的色偏移问题,图像颜色正常,在空间尺寸苛刻的情况下,彩色电视光学系统MTF在108 lp/mm时达到了0.3,设计结果满足工程应用要求.     

利用区域信息的航拍图像分割

提出一种利用区域信息的航拍图像分割模型。针对GAC模型和Chan-Vese模型存在的不足,提出一种符号压力函数,该符号压力函数可以有效地增大模型的作用范围。与Chan-Vese模型相比,新模型不受初始条件的限制,进一步增大了模型的作用范围。新模型利用了图像的区域信息,可以同时将目标的内外边界分割出来。在新模型中,水平集函数不必初始化为符号距离函数,节省了计算开销。与传统的基于水平集方法的模型相比,新模型不含曲率项,实现简单。实验结果表明,与GAC模型和Chan-Vese模型相比,新模型的分割精度高于3%,分割速度快6倍以上。     

Theory of oxidation/reduction-induced valence transformations of metal ion dopants in oxide crystals mediated by oxide-vacancy diffusion: I. Thermodynamic analysis

We consider theoretically valence transformations of doping metal ions in oxide crystals induced by oxidation and reduction obtained by changes in the ambient oxygen partial pressure. Three types of oxygen vacancies are assumed to mediate transformations: neutral, singly ionized, and doubly ionized. We provide thermodynamic equilibrium analyses, yielding concentration relations among the oxygen vacancy, metal ions, holes and electrons as functions of the ambient oxygen pressure. The results suggest that experimental study of different species concentrations at thermodynamic equilibrium as functions of pressure and temperature should allow assessment of various reversible reaction constants controlling the process. In the Part II companion paper, the kinetic (diffusion) characteristics are considered in detail.     

An ensemble template algorithm for extracting targets from blurred infrared images

In this paper, an ensemble template algorithm is proposed to extract targets from blurred infrared images. First, the image pixels are divided according to their gray values into three pixel sets, a target set, a background set and the third set without class label. Second, the neighborhood statistical characteristics for each pixel are calculated as its template features. Third, ensemble detectors are designed using target pixels and background pixels based on their template features, and these ensemble detectors are used to detect the third pixel set. To evaluate the performance of the proposed extraction algorithm, this paper compares the ensemble template with other extraction algorithms using blurred infrared image of hand trace. Experimental results show that the ensemble template algorithm proposed in this paper exhibits better extraction performance.     

Influence of orifice spacing on twin bubbles formation in shear-thinning fluids: Laser image measurement

A laser image system for investigating the influence of orifice spacing on twin bubbles formation in shear-thinning fluid was established. The bubbles formation process at two orifices could be directly visualized and real-time recorded through computer by means of He–Ne laser as light source using the beam expanding and light amplification technology. The shape and size of bubbles generating in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) aqueous solutions were studied experimentally at the orifices spacing 1D_o, 2D_o and 3D_o (D_o orifice diameter). The results reveal that the minute bubbles can be imaged clearly and amplified without distortion in the higher concentration solutions, and therefore the shape and size of bubbles are obtained accurately. With the increase of orifice spacing, bubble instantaneous volume in shear-thinning fluid decreases at the radial expansion stage but then increases at vertical elongation period, and the deformation and deviation of bubbles forming goes down due to the reduced interaction of adjacent bubble.     

A false color image fusion method based on multi-resolution color transfer in normalization YCBCR space

In this paper, a false color image fusion method for merging visible and infrared images is proposed. Firstly, the source images and reference image are decomposed respectively by Laplacian pyramid transform. Then the grayscale fused image and the difference images between the normalized source images are assigned to construct YC_BC_R components. In the color transfer step, all the three channels of the color space in each decomposition level are processed with the statistic color mapping according to the color characteristics of the corresponding sub-images of the reference image. Color transfer is designed based on the multi-resolution scheme in order to significantly improve the detailed information of the final image, and to reduce excessive saturation phenomenon to have a comparatively natural color appearance compared with the classical global-coloring algorithm. Moreover, the differencing operation between the normalized source images not only provides inter-sensor contrast to make popping the potential targets but also weakens the influence of the ambient illumination variety to a certain degree. Finally, the fused results and several metrics for evaluation of fused images subjectively and objectively illustrate that the proposed color image fusion algorithm can yield a more complete mental representation of the perceived scene, resulting in better situational awareness.     

Research on true color computer generated hologram by lensless Fourier transform

Based on the theory of scalar diffraction, this paper makes research on the process of hologram reconstruction of true color calculation by lensless Fourier transform, and gives its algorithm on the basis of the angular spectrum theory as well as the instances of color image reconstruction under the red, green and blue colors wavelength. In order to eliminate the influence of color difference on the reconstructive image, this paper analyzes the causes of the color difference, and puts forward the method of interpolation reconstruction to the object information in the process of hologram reconstruction, so as to eliminate the color difference. With the advantages of computer generated holographic, the high-quality color hologram by lensless Fourier transform based on the angular spectrum theory has been realized, and the results of corresponding numerical simulation are given. The results show that the method in the paper can effectively eliminate the color difference caused by different wavelength, and the experimental results validate its feasibility.     

Dual-mode registration of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound combining tissue and contrast sequences

This study proposes a new method for automatic, iterative image registration in the context of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) imaging. By constructing a cost function of image registration using a combination of the tissue and contrast-microbubble responses, this new method, referred to as dual-mode registration, performs alignment based on both tissue and vascular structures. Data from five focal liver lesions (FLLs) were used for the evaluation. Automatic registration based on the dual-mode registration technique and tissue-mode registration obtained using the linear response image sequence alone were compared to manual alignment of the sequence by an expert. Comparison of the maximum distance between the transformations applied by the automatic registration techniques and those from expert manual registration reference showed that the dual-mode registration provided better precision than the tissue-mode registration for all cases. The reduction of maximum distance ranged from 0.25 to 9.3 mm. Dual-mode registration is also significantly better than tissue-mode registration for the five sequences with p  -values lower than 0.03$0.03$. The improved sequence alignment is also demonstrated visually by comparison of images from the sequences and the video playbacks of the motion-corrected sequences. This new registration technique better maintains a selected region of interest (ROI) within a fixed position of the image plane throughout the DCE-US sequence. This should reduce motion-related variability of the echo-power estimations and, thus, contribute to more robust perfusion quantification with DCE-US.     

嫦娥一号月面成像的高精度匹配及月貌三维重建

针对嫦娥一号探月卫星2C级月面成像,提出了基于待配点最优模板选择的二次函数形变补偿迭代匹配方法。仿真表明它能有效地适应地形起伏引起的图像形变,匹配精度较高且稳定性好。在标准相关匹配的基础上结合所提出的方法完成了下视图与前、后视图的精确匹配,采用三视约束机制和顺序检验机制保证了匹配的稳健性。分析了线阵相机成像的仿射近似模型,并以此为基础实现同轨三视重建。基于邻轨下视图同名特征点,采用RANSAC方法估计邻轨三维坐标转换参数,完成邻轨拼接。实验结果表明,三维重建的月貌图能够更好地表达月球表面的形状和地形。