Collisions in a liquid fluidized bed

Collisional phenomena in a solid–liquid flow were studied in terms of two parameters: the collision frequency and the coefficient of restitution. Experimental measurements of these parameters were conducted inside a liquid fluidized bed by particle tracking in an index-matched array. Collision detection was based on the use of a peak acceleration threshold of the instantaneous speed of colored tracers. The measurements of collision frequency were compared with the theoretical expression derived from the kinetic theory for granular flow (KTGF). The normal and tangential restitution coefficients were measured from the trajectories before and after contact for both particle–particle and particle–wall collisions. A comparison with previous theoretical and experimental works is presented and discussed.     

Mechanisms of Particle Transport Acceleration in Porous Media

Experimental data show that the groundwater transport of radionuclides in porous media is frequently facilitated when accompanied with colloid particles. This is usually explained by the size exclusion mechanism which implies that the particles move through the largest pores where the flow velocity is higher. We call attention to three other mechanisms which influence the colloid particle motion, while determining both the probable transport facilitation and retardation. First of all, it is shown that the transport facilitation may be significantly reduced and even transformed into a retardation due to the growth of the effective suspension viscosity (a friction-limited facilitation). Secondly, we will show that the transport of particles through the largest pores can be retarded due to a reduced connectivity of the large-pore cluster (a percolation-breakup retardation). Thirdly, we highlight the Fermi mechanism of acceleration known in statistical physics which is based on the elastic collisions between particles. All three effects are analyzed in terms of the velocity enhancement factor, by using statistical models of porous media in the form of a capillary bundle and a 3D capillary network. Optimal and critical regimes of velocity enhancement are quantified. Estimations show that for realistic parameters, the maximal facilitation of colloid transport is close to the experimentally observed data.     

He-CO相互作用势及散射截面的理论研究

利用改进的MS势模型拟合出了He-CO体系一种形式简单的各向异性相互作用势,应用拟合的势能,采用全量子力学的密耦方法计算了基态氦原子和CO分子碰撞的散射截面,分析并总结了散射截面的变化规律。计算结果表明拟合势能不但表达形式简洁,而且较好的描述了He-CO系统相互作用的特征。为进一步研究He与CO微观碰撞机理有一定的参考价值。     

He-CO相互作用势及散射截面的理论研究

利用改进的MS势模型拟合出了He-CO体系一种形式简单的各向异性相互作用势,应用拟合的势能,采用全量子力学的密耦方法计算了基态氦原子和CO分子碰撞的散射截面,分析并总结了散射截面的变化规律。计算结果表明拟合势能不但表达形式简洁,而且较好的描述了He-CO系统相互作用的特征。为进一步研究He与CO微观碰撞机理有一定的参考价值。     

THz radiation generation in axially magnetized collisional pair plasma

We investigate the electron-positron plasma for terahertz radiation generation by two Dark Hollow Gaussian beams (DHGBs), which result in multifocal radiations quite useful for various modern applications. In this process, the ponderomotive force acts as a driver for the generation of terahertz field and the realistic situation of collisional plasma under the application of axial magnetic field reveals an efficient radiation generation. An appreciable efficiency of more than 2% is achieved for the process.     

Species segregation in one-dimensional granular-system simulations

We present one-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations of a two-species, initially uniform, freely evolving granular system. Colliding particles swap their relative position with a 50% probability allowing for the initial spatial ordering of the particles to evolve in time and frictional forces to operate. Unlike one-dimensional systems of identical particles, two-species one-dimensional systems of quasi-elastic particles are ergodic and the particles' velocity distributions tend to evolve towards Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions. Under such conditions, standard fluid equations with merely an additional sink term in the energy equation, reflecting the non-elasticity of the interparticle collisions, provide an excellent means to investigate the system's evolution. According to the predictions of fluid theory we find that the clustering instability is dominated by a non-propagating mode at a wavelength of the order 10πL/Nɛ , where N is the total number of particles, L the spatial extent of the system and ɛ the inelasticity coefficient. The typical fluid velocities at the time of inelastic collapse are seen to be supersonic, unless Nɛ ≲ 10π . Species segregation, driven by the frictional force occurs as a result of the strong temperature gradients within clusters which pushes the light particles towards the clusters' edges and the heavy particles towards the center. Segregation within clusters is complete at the time of inelastic collapse.     

Coefficient of tangential restitution for viscoelastic spheres

The collision of frictional granular particles may be described by an interaction force whose normal component is that of viscoelastic spheres while the tangential part is described by the model by Cundall and Strack (Géotechnique 29, 47 (1979)) being the most popular tangential collision model in Molecular Dynamics simulations. Albeit being a rather complicated model, governed by 5 phenomenological parameters and 2 independent initial conditions, we find that it is described by 3 independent parameters only. Surprisingly, in a wide range of parameters the corresponding coefficient of tangential restitution, epsilont, is well described by the simple Coulomb law with a cut-off at epsilont = 0. A more complex behavior of the coefficient of restitution as a function on the normal and tangential components of the impact velocity, gn and gt, including negative values of epsilont, is found only for very small ratio gt/gn. For the analysis presented here we neglect dissipation of the interaction in normal direction.     

Products of distributions and collision of a δ-wave with a δ′-wave in a turbulent model

We study the possibility of collision of a δ-wave with a stationary δ′-wave in a model ruled by equation f (t)u _t+[u²?β(x?γ(t))u]_x = 0, where f, β and γ are given real functions and u = u(x, t) is the state variable. We adopt a solution concept which is a consistent extension of the classical solution concept. This concept is defined in the setting of a distributional product, which is not constructed by approximation processes. By a convenient choice of f, β and γ, we are able to distinguish three distinct dynamics for that collision, to which correspond phenomena of solitonic behaviour, scattering, and merging. Also, as a particular case, taking f = 2 and β = 0 we prove that the referred collision is impossible to arise in the setting of the inviscid Burgers equation. To show how this framework can be applied to other physical models, we included several results already obtained.     

Contribution to 3D impact problems: collisions between two slender steel barsUne contribution aux problèmes d'impact en trois dimensions : collisions entre deux barres élancées

This Note deals with the three-dimensional phenomenon of collision between two slender steel bars. The problem posed is whether the restitution concept developed in rigid-body theory is relevant in the case of such slender contactors. Some elements of an answer are provided through the use of two complementary approaches of collision, a theoretical one based on coefficients of restitution and series of experiments. Our main conclusion is that the alleged Newton coefficient of restitution varies according to the impact location on the rods. To cite this article: C. Le Saux et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).