Effect of partial crosslinking on morphology and properties of the poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(d,l-lactic acid) blends

Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a bio-based and biodegradable aliphatic polyester, however its application is limited by some disadvantages such as high price, brittleness, poor processability and low melt-strength due to serious thermal degradation. Partial crosslinking initiated by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was applied in this work to improve the performance of poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PHB/PDLLA) blends. The partial crosslinking of the blends and its effect on the properties, morphology, rheology and thermal behavior of the blends were investigated. The tensile strength and impact toughness of the PHB were increased by incorporation of the PDLLA, which were improved further after the partial crosslinking because of an increased compatibility between the PHB and the PDLLA phases. The rheological study revealed that the storage modulus (G′) and complex viscosity (η*) of the blends were increased after addition of the DCP. On the other hand, the crystallization of PHB in the blends was restricted to a certain extent by the formation of partially crosslinked network while its crystal form was not modified.     

Recycling of waste from polymer materials: An overview of the recent works

Polymer recycling is a way to reduce environmental problems caused by polymeric waste accumulation generated from day-to-day applications of polymer materials such packaging and construction. The recycling of polymeric waste helps to conserve natural resource because the most of polymer materials are made from oil and gas. This paper reviews the recent progress on recycling of polymeric waste form some traditional polymers and their systems (blends and composites) such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), and introduces the mechanical and chemical recycling concepts. In addition, the effect of mechanical recycling on properties including the mechanical, thermal, rheological and processing properties of the recycled materials is highlighted in the present paper.     

A study of morphological,thermal, rheological and barrier properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)/polylactide blends prepared by melt mixing

The paper aims to study blend properties of biodegradable polymers of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and polylactide (PLA) prepared by melt mixing. Blend compositions based on PHBV/PLA were investigated according to the following weight ratios, i.e. 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100 wt%. The study showed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that blends of PHBV/PLA are not miscible. This is consistent with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data which indicate the presence of two distinct glass transition temperatures (T_g) and melting temperatures (T_m), attributed to the neat polymers, over all the range of blend compositions. Water and oxygen barrier properties of PHBV/PLA blends are significantly improved with increasing the PHBV content in the blend. Further, morphological analyzes indicated that increasing the PHBV content in the polymer blends results in increasing the PLA crystallinity due to the finely dispersed PHBV crystals acting as a filler and a nucleating agent for PLA. On the other hand, the addition of PLA to the blend results in a very impressive increase in the complex viscosity of PHBV. Moreover, the rheological data showed that, excluding the specific behavior of the neat polymers at low frequencies, i.e. less than 0.1 Hz, the complex viscosity of PHBV/PLA blends fits the mixing law well.     

Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable polyesteramides constructed mainly by alternating diesterdiamide units from N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-adipamide and diacids

Two kinds of aliphatic alternating polyesteramide prepolymers were prepared through melt polycondensation from N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-adipamide and adipic acid or sebacic acid. Chain extension of them was conducted with 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)-bis(2-oxazoline) and adipoyl biscaprolactamate as combined chain extenders. The chain extended polyesteramides (ExtPEAs) were characterized by IR, 1 H-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, wide angle X-ray scattering, tensile test and enzymatic degradation. The results showed that the ExtPEA(4,m)s were mainly constituted with the diester adipamide alternating units. ExtPEA(4,4) and ExtPEA(4,8) had Tm of 83.8℃ and 85.8℃ and initial decomposition temperature above 310.0℃. They crystallized similarly as Nylon-66 did and were flexible thermoplastic materials with tensile strength up to 25.64 MPa and strain at break up to 737%.     

聚乳酸/氧化锌柱撑皂石纳米复合材料制备与性能及结构表征

通过微波水解法制备了ZnO柱撑皂石,并以其为加工助剂制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/ZnO柱撑皂石纳米复合材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、对ZnO柱撑皂石及PLA/ZnO柱撑皂石纳米复合材料的结构进行了表征,并对其力学性能和热稳定性能进行了测试.微观结构分析表明,ZnO柱撑皂石呈现剥离状,并均匀分散在PLA基质中.力学性能研究表明0.3%ZnO柱撑皂石的加入有助于改善PLA复合材料的断裂伸长率.SEM分析表明PLA复合材料的断面发生明显改变,表现良好韧性;DSC结果显示纳米ZnO柱撑皂石可以降低复合材料的玻璃化转变温度、结晶温度,有助于提高PLA复合材料的结晶度,与XRD分析相吻合;热重分析表明ZnO柱撑皂石可以提高PLA复合材料的热稳定性.测试结果表明,ZnO柱撑皂石在PLA基质中起到了异相成核的作用,促进了PLA基质的结晶.     

GaAs pyramidal quantum dot coupled to wetting layer in an AlGaAs matrix: A strain-free system

In this contribution, the electronic and linear and nonlinear optical properties of pyramid-shaped GaAs quantum dots (QDs) coupled to wetting layer (WL) in an Al_0.3Ga_0.7As matrix have been investigated. This nanostructure is relaxed from strain effects due to very small lattice-mismatching. Three transitions of P-to-S, WL-to-P, and WL-to-S were considered and the corresponding transition dipole moments, oscillator strengths, and linear and nonlinear optical properties regarding to these transitions were investigated as a function of the QD height. The results showed that for P-to-S transition, which is a purely in-plane-polarized transition, the dependence of electronic and optical properties on the size is moderate and can be neglected. But for WL-to-P and WL-to-S transitions, which are in-plane- and z-polarized transitions, respectively, the electronic as well as optical properties are strongly size-dependent. Furthermore, a competition between WL-to-S and WL-to-P transitions was observed when the QD size changed.     

Effect of Molecular Weight on the Properties of Poly（butylene succinate）

Poly（butylene succinate） （PBS） with different molecular weight was synthesized from 1, 4-butanediol and succinic acid by direct melt condensation. The synthesized PBS was identified by IH-NMR and FTIR spectrometry. The molecular weight was calculated from the intrinsic viscosity, and its value was between 20000 and 70000. The crystallization behavior and crystal morphology as function of molecular weight were investigated by DSC and PLM, respectively. The mechanical properties and hydrolytic degradation behaviors related with change of molecular weight were also studied in this work. The results demonstrated that the properties of PBS were determined by both molecular weight and crystallization properties （crystallinity as well as crystal morphology）. Our work is important for the design and preparation of PBS with proper molecular weight for its practical application.     

三甲基硅、三甲基锗和三甲基锡取代的一系列芘衍生物的紫外吸收和荧光性质

被三甲基硅(Me3Si-)、三甲基锗(Me3Ge-)和三甲基锡(Me3Sn-)取代的芘衍生的紫外吸收波长和未取代的芘相比较,波长红移.一,二,三,四取代三甲基硅芘最大吸收波长红移小于10nm.荧光强度和周期按Me3SiAr＞Me3GeAr＞Me3SnAr顺序减弱.1,3,6,8-四-三甲基硅芘的荧光强度在一系列芘衍生物中是最大的.     

La单掺4H-SiC电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,对未掺杂及La掺杂4H-SiC的电子结构和光学性质进行理论计算。计算结果表明,未掺杂4C-SiC其禁带宽度为2.257 eV。La掺杂后带隙宽度下降为1.1143eV,导带最低点为G点,价带最高点为F点,是P型间接半导体。掺杂La原子在价带的低能区间贡献比较大,而对价带的高能区和导带的贡献比较小。未掺杂4H-SiC在光子能量为6.25 eV时,出现一个介电峰,这是由于价带电子向导带电子跃迁产生。而La掺杂后,出现3个介电峰,分别对应的光子能量为0.47eV、2.67eV、6.21eV,前两个介电峰是由于价带电子向杂质能级跃迁产生,第三个介电峰是由于价带电子向导带电子跃迁产生。La掺杂后4H-SiC变成负介电半导体材料。未掺杂4h-SiC的静态介电常数为2.01,La掺杂的静态常数为12.01。     

Ce掺杂6H-SiC电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,对未掺杂及Ce掺杂6H-SiC的电子结构和光学性质进行理论计算.计算结果表明,未掺杂6H-SiC是间接带隙半导体,其禁带宽度为2.045 eV,掺杂Ce元素,带隙宽度下降为0.812 eV.未掺杂6H-SiC在价带的低能区,Si-3s、C-2s电子轨道对态密度的贡献较大,在价带的高能区,主要是由Si-3p、Si-3s、C-2p态组成.掺杂后Ce原子的4f轨道主要贡献在导带部分,掺杂后电导率提高.未掺杂时,只有一个介电峰,是价带电子跃迁到导带电子所致,掺杂后有两个介电峰,第一个介电峰是由于导带电子跃迁到Ce原子4f轨道上产生,第二个峰是价带电子向导带电子跃迁产生.未掺杂6H-SiC,在能量为10.31 eV处吸收系数达到最大值,掺杂后在能量为6.57 eV处,吸收系数达到最大值.