阿维菌素在柑桔和土壤中的消解动态研究

利用高效液相色谱法,建立了阿维菌素在柑桔和土壤中的残留分析方法.研究了阿维菌素在柑桔和土壤中的残留消解动态,对影响残留分析方法的主要参数进行了优化.柑桔和土壤样品分别用乙腈和二氯甲烷提取,弗罗里硅土柱净化,高效液相色谱仪可变波长紫外检测器检测,外标法定量.结果表明,该方法在柑桔和土壤中的最低检测浓度均为0.01 mg/...     

三七叶甙制备抗癌活性成分20(R)-人参皂甙-Rh2和人参皂甙Rg3

人参皂甙-Rh2(ginsenoside Rh2)和Rg3是从人参中分离得到的具有抗癌活性的四环三萜类原人参二醇型低糖链皂甙单体。其中,以人参皂甙为主要成分的抗癌新药Rg3参—胶囊已获国家药品监督管理局颁发的中药一类新药证书。皂甙类成分要从植物中分离困难。为了得到某些活性     

Mineral content and botanical origin of Spanish honeys

Eleven elements (Zn, P, B, Mn, Mg, Cu, Ca, Ba, Sr, Na and K) were determined by inductively plasma coupled spectrometry in 40 honey samples from different places of Spain and four different botanical origins: Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.), Heather (Erica sp.), Orange-blossom (Citrus sinensis) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). K, Ca and P show the higher levels with average concentrations ranged between 434.1-1935 mg kg⁻¹ for K; 42.59-341.0 mg kg⁻¹ for Ca and 51.17-154.3 mg kg⁻¹ for P. Levels of Cu (0.531-2.117 mg kg⁻¹), Ba (0.106-1.264 mg kg⁻¹) and Sr (0.257-1.462 mg kg⁻¹) are the lowest in all honey samples. Zn (1.332-7.825 mg kg⁻¹), Mn (0.133-9.471 mg kg⁻¹), Mg (13.26-74.38 mg kg⁻¹) and Na (11.69-218.5 mg kg⁻¹) concentrations were found strongly dependent on the kind of botanical origin.Results were submitted to pattern recognition procedures, unsupervised methods such as cluster and principal components analysis and supervised learning methods like linear discriminant analysis in order to evaluate the existence of data patterns and the possibility of differentiation of Spanish honeys from different botanical origins according to their mineral content. Cluster analysis shows four clusters corresponding to the four botanical origins of honey and PCA explained 71% of the variance with the first two PC variables. The best-grouped honeys were those from heather; eucalyptus honeys formed a more dispersed group and finally orange-blossom and rosemary honeys formed a less distinguishable group.     

Lemon Oils Attenuate the Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Quorum Sensing Inhibition

The chemical composition of three Citrus limon oils: lemon essential oil (LEO), lemon terpenes (LT) and lemon essence (LE), and their influence in the virulence factors production and motility (swarming and swimming) of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (ATCC 27853 and a multidrug-resistant HT5) were investigated. The main compound, limonene, was also tested in biological assays. Eighty-four compounds, accounting for a relative peak area of 99.23%, 98.58% and 99.64%, were identified by GC/MS. Limonene (59–60%), γ-terpinene (10–11%) and β-pinene (7–15%) were the main compounds. All lemon oils inhibited specific biofilm production and bacterial metabolic activities into biofilm in a dose-dependent manner (20–65%, in the range of 0.1–4 mg mL⁻¹) of both strains. Besides, all samples inhibited about 50% of the elastase activity at 0.1 mg mL⁻¹. Pyocyanin biosynthesis decreases until 64% (0.1–4 mg mL⁻¹) for both strains. Swarming motility of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was completely inhibited by 2 mg mL⁻¹ of lemon oils. Furthermore, a decrease (29–55%, 0.1–4 mg mL⁻¹) in the synthesis of Quorum sensing (QS) signals was observed. The oils showed higher biological activities than limonene. Hence, their ability to control the biofilm of P. aeruginosa and reduce the production of virulence factors regulated by QS makes lemon oils good candidates to be applied as preservatives in the food processing industry.     

Chemical Composition,Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Raspberry,Blackberry and Raspberry-Blackberry Hybrid Leaf Buds

In our investigation, the chemical composition and bioactive potential of leaf buds of raspberry, blackberry, and a raspberry-blackberry hybrid were determined. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were tested in water (W), ethanol-water (EW), and glycerol-water (GW) extracts from the buds. These plant organs contain relatively large amounts of minerals, especially Fe. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measured by the ABTS and DPPH methods ranged from 2.86 to 12.19 and 6.75 to 24.26 mmol per 100 g fresh weight (FW) of buds, respectively. TAC values were generally higher in the raspberry than in the case of blackberry and raspberry-blackberry hybrid extracts. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were strongly positively correlated with their content of total phenolic (TP). No such relationship was noted for ascorbic acid (AA), whose concentration in all extracts was at a similarly low level. Antioxidant properties determined in vitro were confirmed for the GW extract from raspberry leaf buds in biological test based on the growth parameters of Δsod1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant cells in hypertonic medium. The extracts also exhibited strong antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis and weaker against Enterobacter aerogenes. The studied leaf buds could be therefore an unconventional source of minerals, natural antioxidants and antibacterial compounds with potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries.     

高效液相色谱法测定杜仲叶中的绿原酸

 采用高效液相色谱法测定杜仲叶中绿原酸的含量。所用色谱柱为Shim-packCLC-ODS柱,以巯嘌呤为内标,以甲醇-0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(体积比为25∶75;pH3.9)为流动相,UV检测波长为328nm。在上述色谱条件下,当绿原酸质量浓度为25～300mg/L时,以绿原酸对照品溶液与内标液的峰面积比为纵坐标(Y),绿原酸的质量浓度为横坐标(X),二者呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为Y=8.0368X+1.275×10-3,r=0.9999;平均回收率为99.89%,RSD=1.45%(n=6)。     

Thick Surfaces in Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds

We show that every closed, virtually fibered hyperbolic 3-manifold contains immersed, quasi-Fuchsian.     

基于方向能量的植物叶脉提取方法

植物叶片的脉络与形态是研究植物特征的重要出发点,其包含了植物的内在属性及重要遗传信息,对植物种类的识别起着关键作用.由于植物叶片边缘及叶脉的复杂多变性,已有的叶脉提取方法难以有效地提取叶脉细节.针对以往方法的不足,利用图像方向能量方法进行植物叶脉提取,实验结果表明该方法能够提出较丰富的叶脉细节和边缘信息,提高了提取的精确性.     

Wind induced deformation and vibration of a Platanus acerifolia leaf

Deformation and vibration of twig-connected single leaf in wind is investigated experimentally.Results showthat the Reynolds number based on wind speed and lengthof leaf blade is a key parameter to the aerodynamic problem.In case the front surface facing the wind and with an increase of Reynolds number,the leaf experiences static deformation,large amplitude and low frequency sway,reconfiguration to delta wing shape,flapping of tips,high frequencyvibration of whole leaf blade,recovery of delta wing shape,and twig-leaf coupling vibration.Abrupt changes from onestate to another occur at critical Reynolds numbers.In casethe back surface facing the wind,the large amplitude andlow frequency sway does not occur,the recovered delta wingshape is replaced by a conic shape,and the critical Reynoldsnumbers of vibrations are higher than the ones corresponding to the case with the front surface facing the wind.Apair of ram-horn vortex is observed behind the delta wingshaped leaf.A single vortex is found downstream of theconic shaped leaf.A lift is induced by the vortex,and thislift helps leaf to adjust position and posture,stabilize bladedistortion and reduce drag and vibration.     

毛细管电泳法测定桑叶中的黄酮类成分──芦丁和槲皮素

 采用高效毛细管电泳法分离测定了新疆不同地区、不同采集期、不同品种的桑叶中的黄酮类成分芦丁、槲皮素的含量。以含有体积分数为 15 %甲醇的 10mmol/L的磷酸二氢钠 2 0mmol/L的硼砂溶液 (pH 8 6 2 )为电泳缓冲液 ,采用压力进样方式 ,在 2 5℃ ,2 0kV恒压下进行电泳分离 ,并在 2 45nm波长处检测。结果表明 ,桑叶中的两种目标组分在 12min内完全分离 ,且有良好的线性关系 ;芦丁和槲皮素的加样回收率分别为 95 6 4%和99 36 % ,其RSD分别为 2 2 5 %和 1 79% (n =6 )。方法简单、准确、快速。