Health-Promoting Compounds in Stevia: The Effect of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis,Phosphorus Supply and Harvest Time

This work aimed to establish the synergic role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis, phosphorus (P) fertilization and harvest time on the contents of stevia secondary metabolites. Consequently, steviol glycosides (SVglys) concentration and profile, total phenols and flavonoids as well as antioxidant assays, have been assessed in inoculated and no-inoculated plants, grown with or without P supply and collected at different growth stages(69, 89 and 123 days after transplanting).The obtained results suggest that the synthesis of stevia secondary metabolites is induced and/or modulated by all the investigated variability factors. In particular, AMF symbiosis promoted total SVglys content and positively influenced the concentration of some minor compounds (steviolbioside, dulcoside A and rebaudioside B), indicating a clear effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on SVglys biosynthetic pathway. Interestingly, only the mycorrhizal plants were able to synthesize rebaudioside B. In addition, P supply provided the highest levels of total phenols and flavonoids at leaf level, together with the maximum in vitro antioxidant activities (FRAP and ORAC). Finally, the harvest time carried out during the full vegetative phase enhanced the entire composition of the phytocomplex (steviolbioside, dulcoside A, stevioside, rebaudioside A, B, C. total phenols and flavonoids). Moreover, polyphenols and SVglys appeared to be the main contributors to the in vitro antioxidant capacity, while only total phenols mostly contributed to the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). These findings provide original information about the role played by AMF in association with P supply, in modulating the accumulation of bioactive compounds during stevia growth. At the cultivation level, the control of these preharvest factors, together with the most appropriate harvest time, can be used as tools for improving the nutraceutical value of raw material, with particular attention to its exploitation as functional ingredient for food and dietary supplements and cosmetics.     

竹叶提取物对铝在HCl溶液中的缓蚀作用(英文)

用不同浓度的C2H5OH(体积分数:20%-80%)从金竹竹叶中提取制备出竹叶缓蚀剂(简称为PSLE),用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱对其进行了表征,并对总黄酮含量进行了测定.采用失重法、动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究PSLE在HCl介质中对铝的缓蚀作用.采用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了两个主要竹叶黄酮成分牡荆苷和异牡荆苷的吸附方式.结果表明:PSLE对铝具有良好的缓蚀作用,且在铝表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式.缓蚀率随其浓度的增加而增大,但随温度的升高和盐酸浓度的增加而降低.竹叶总黄酮含量和竹叶缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能有良好的相关性,初步推测竹叶缓蚀剂的有效成分主要为竹叶黄酮类化合物.PSLE为阴极抑制型缓蚀剂;EIS在高频区呈容抗弧,在低频区呈感抗弧,添加PSLE后,阻抗值显著增大.SEM表明添加PSLE对铝的腐蚀产生了明显的抑制作用.量子化学计算结果表明,牡荆苷和异牡荆苷的吸附中心主要集中在竹叶黄酮骨架(FBS).     

Application of a thiourea‐containing task‐specific ionic liquid for the solid‐phase extraction cleanup of lead ions from red lipstick,pine leaves,and water samples

Here, task‐specific ionic liquid solid‐phase extraction is proposed for the first time. In this approach, a thiourea‐functionalized ionic liquid is immobilized on the solid sorbent, multiwalled carbon nanotubes. These modified nanotubes packed into a solid‐phase extraction column are used for the selective extraction and preconcentration of ultra‐trace amounts of lead(II) from aqueous samples prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy determination. The thiourea functional groups act as chelating agents for lead ions retaining them and so, give the selectivity to the sorbent. Elution of the retained ions can be performed using an acidic thiourea solution. The effects of experimental parameters including pH of the aqueous solution, type and amount of eluent, and the flow rates of sample and eluent solutions on the separation efficiency are investigated. The linear dependence of absorbance of lead on its concentration in the initial solution is in the range of 0.5–40.0 ng/mL with the detection limit of 0.13 ng/mL (3s_b/m, n = 10). The proposed method is applicable to the analysis of red lipstick, pine leaves, and water samples for their lead contents.     

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using olive leaf extract and its antibacterial activity

The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using hot water olive leaf extracts (OLE) as reducing and stabilizing agent are reported and evaluated for antibacterial activity against drug resistant bacterial isolates. The effect of extract concentration, contact time, pH and temperature on the reaction rate and the shape of the Ag nanoparticles are investigated. The data revealed that the rate of formation of the nanosilver increased significantly in the basic medium with increasing temperature. The nature of AgNPs synthesized was analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The silver nanoparticles were with an average size of 20–25 nm and mostly spherical. The antibacterial potential of synthesized AgNPs was compared with that of aqueous OLE by well diffusion method. The AgNPs at 0.03–0.07 mg/ml concentration significantly inhibited bacterial growth against multi drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study revealed that the aqueous olive leaf extract has no effect at the concentrations used for preparation of the Ag nanoparticles. Thus AgNPs showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity at lower concentration and may be a good alternative therapeutic approach in future.     

Design and experiment of an adaptive dynamic vibration absorber with smart leaf springs

Applied Mathematics and Mechanics - An adaptive dynamic vibration absorber (ADVA) is designed for low-frequency vibration suppression. The leaf springs are applied as the tuning stiffness elements....     

Composition of Peel Essential Oils from Eight Citrus Species

The peel essential oils from eight citrus species growing in Taiwan were analysed to determine the detailed composition of each oil.     

天然超疏水生物表面研究的新进展

文章简要地论述了表面浸润性的基本理论，介绍了几种天然超疏水生物表面最新的研究进展，包括荷叶、蝉翼、水稻叶以及水黾腿，特别介绍了作者的研究小组利用从壁虎脚高黏附力获得的灵感仿生制备出一种对水滴具有高黏附的超疏水阵列聚苯乙烯纳米管材料，最后对超疏水材料的研究趋势作了展望。     

分光光度法测定桔皮中橙皮苷含量

用分光光度法测定桔皮中橙皮苷的含量 ,显色体系最大吸收波长在 4 2 2 nm处 ,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=4 .2 1× 10 4 L· mol-1· cm-1,橙皮苷含量在 0— 60μg/ m L范围内符合比耳定律。该法简便可靠 ,可获得满意的分析结果     

Microencapsulation Preservation of the Stability and Efficacy of Citrus Grandis Oil-Based Repellent Formulation against Aedes aegypti during Storage

Essential oils have been widely used as an active ingredient in mosquito repellent products. However, essential oils are highly unstable and prone to degradation when exposed to the environment during storage. Microencapsulation techniques help to maintain the stability of molecules in essential oils that are sensitive to environmental stress, and therefore improve shelf life. In this study, the physical stability and efficacy of a repellent formulation consisting of encapsulated Citrus grandis essential oil (CGEO) were evaluated under different storage conditions over a 12-month period by comparing the formulation with a non-encapsulated formulation. The formulations were both stored under two different storage conditions, i.e., 25 ± 2 °C/60% ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and 40 ± 2 °C/75% RH ± 5%, for 12 months. Droplet size, zeta potential, and pH value were measured after 1, 6, and 12 months of storage to determine their stability. For the study of efficacy, each formulation was tested against Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. We found that the microencapsulated formulation’s physical characteristics showed insignificant changes as compared with the non-encapsulated formulation during storage. The microencapsulated formulation demonstrated better repellent effects, sustaining high protection (>80%) for 4 more hours of exposure after 12 months of storage as compared with the non-encapsulated formulation that demonstrated high protection for only an hour post application. Microencapsulation helped to preserve the stability of the formulation, which resulted in high protection being maintained for over 12 months of storage.