慢性心功能衰竭患者尿液的代谢组学研究

采用基于液相色谱-质谱联用的方法对慢性心力衰竭(Chronic heart failure, CHF)患者和正常对照(Control)人群的尿液进行分析, 筛选慢性心力衰竭患者尿液中的差异代谢物, 研究其发病机制, 并为临床治疗提供科学依据.选择15个慢性心力衰竭患者(年龄(62.27±3.14)岁)及15个正常人(年龄(65.41±4.63)岁), 采用高分辨度快速液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(RRLC-QTOF/MS)技术对尿液代谢物进行分析, 采用主成分分析(PCA)对两组代谢物进行分类, 并筛选潜在生物标记物;运用偏最小二乘判别分析法(PLS-DA)建模, 考察生物标记物对疾病筛选的预测能力.研究结果表明, CHF组和Control组尿液代谢物谱能得到很好的区分, 发现并鉴定了2种潜在生物标记物尿苷及丙氨酰色氨酸, 提示嘧啶代谢和色氨酸代谢可能在心力衰竭发生发展中有重要作用.     

修饰丝网印刷电极的制备及抑郁小鼠大脑和血液样品中5-羟色胺含量的测定

制备了多壁碳纳米管和壳聚糖纳米复合材料(Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Chitosan Nano-composites,MWCNTs-CHIN)修饰丝网印刷电极(MWCNTsCHIN/SPE),分别采用循环伏安法(CV)和方波伏安法(SWV)考察了5-HT在修饰丝网印刷电极上的电化学特性。在优化条件下,应用SWV法,5-羟色胺在0.30V处可产生灵敏的响应电流,且与其浓度呈线性,线性范围为0.01~1.00μmol/L,线性相关系数R为0.9969,检出限(S/N=3)为0.005μmol/L。用该方法测定慢性不可预见性应激抑郁模型(Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress,CUMS)小鼠大脑和血液中5-HT的含量,结果表明,氟西汀组与空白组中5-HT的含量相当,模型组中5-HT的含量明显低于空白组(P0.01)。     

关于硒缺乏症,硒与透析的探讨

就硒缺乏症、硒与透析的关系，检查了慢性肾功不全患者血清中的硒，其浓度为９．８±１．９μｇ／ｄＬ，正常人的血清中，硒浓度为１３．７±２．６μｇ／ｄＬ．并对慢性肾功不全的患者进行透析，测定其血清中硒浓度为１０．７±３．１μｇ／ｄＬ．结果表明：慢性肾功不全患者血清中硒浓度低于正常人血清中画浓度，经透析后血清中硒浓度虽有上升，但仍不如正常人，并且随着透析期间的延长血清中硒浓度逐渐下降．     

Availability of indirect atmospheric plasma from a dielectric barrier discharge device on biofilm-forming bacteria

An investigation of the treatment effect of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP)-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) against problematic bacteria of chronic wounds is presented. To study ROS effects specifically, a vacuum chamber with a flowmeter to control the background gas composition and a mesh electrode for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) device were used. In addition, a numerical modeling was developed to simulate the amount of ROS flux transported from the mesh electrode to determine which of the ROS species was the main factor in the treatment effect. Considering the experimental and computational results and the effective transport distance of each species, ozone could be the main factor in the experimental results.     

The irritable larynx syndrome

Muscular tension dysphonia, episodic laryngospasm, globus, and cough may be considered to be hyperfunctional laryngeal symptoms. Suggested etiological factors for these symptoms include gastroesophageal reflux, psychological problems, and/or dystonia. We propose a unifying hypothesis that involves neural plastic change to brainstem laryngeal control networks through which each of the above etiologies, plus central nervous system viral illness, can play a role. We suggest that controlling neurons are held in a "spasm-ready" state and that symptoms may be triggered by various stimuli. Inclusion criteria for the irritable larynx syndrome are episodic laryngospasm and/or dysphonia with or without globus or chronic cough; visible or palpable evidence of tension or tenderness in laryngeal muscles; and a definite symptom-triggering stimulus. thirty-nine patients with irritable larynx syndrome were studied. Gastroesophageal reflux was felt or proven to play a major role in a large number of the group (>90%), and about one third were deemed to have psychological causative factors. Viral illness seemed quite prevalent, with one third of patients able to relate the onset of symptoms to a viral illness that we feel might lead to central nervous system changes. Our proposed hypothesis includes a mechanism whereby acquired plastic change to central brainstem nuclei may lead to this form of hyperkinetic laryngeal dysfunction. It gives structure and reason to an array of therapy measures and suggests direction for basic research.     

尿毒症毒素及其清除方法——兼论临床上的血液灌流治疗

长其以来,慢性肾功能衰竭一直是一种严重的疾患。本文介绍了用以解释慢性肾功能衰竭病因的几个相关假说,并对其中的尿毒症毒素学说予以了特别的关注。依据这个假说,尿毒症毒素被分成了几大类;其中,分子量位于300-5000道耳顿的中分子毒素的作用尤其引人注目。通过对现有的向种治疗慢性肾功能衰竭方法进行比较,本文认为采用血液灌流的方法,以吸附剂来清除尿毒症患者体内滞留的中分子毒素有着其独到的优势。     

慢性肾衰患者血清中分子物质浓度变化及其对Na,K-ATP酶的抑制作用

慢性肾功能衰竭是指在各种慢性肾脏疾病的基础上,缓慢出现肾功能减退而不可逆转的肾衰竭综合症由于患者肾功能衰竭,使得一些正常人本可以排出体外的代谢产物滞留在体内,导致肌体的一系列病变,涉及到人体的肠胃、免疫、心血管、内分泌、皮肤和骨骼等各个系统．20世纪70年代以来,中分子物质在患者体内的毒性作用开始引起众多研究者的关注．然而,由于这类物质成分复杂,对其分离鉴定工作还面临着很多困难,它们与慢性肾衰患者的临床症状之间的因果关系及致病机理仍不甚明确．在前期研究中,我们采用凝胶色谱法分离尿毒症患者血清,得到两个中分子物质峰A和B,     

Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) as a source of bioactive compounds for health benefits: A review

The pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora) is a tree native to Brazil but is cultivated in several subtropical countries. A great diversity of nutrients and bioactive compounds have been found in the leaves and fruits of E. uniflora, which supports its use in folk medicine to treat diseases such as stomach and intestinal disorders, fever and general inflammation. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and antioxidant effects on metabolism have been reported for this plant. This review discusses the phytochemical profile, toxicity and pharmacological action of E. uniflora leaves and fruits and points out that gaps in the literature that need to be investigated further. This review also discusses studies developed with E. uniflora demonstrating its promising therapeutic potential for several diseases with an apparent low toxicity in mammals. The compilation of the main pharmacological and toxicological results, as well as the phytochemical characterization of the varieties and constituents of E. uniflora are general aspects that this review attempts to demonstrate in order to contribute to the new approaches and developments to plant-derived natural product drug discovery. However, further studies are required to establish the nutraceutical effects and uses of E. uniflora as an important and safe supplement for human health.     

Can preoperative diffusion-weighted MRI predict postoperative hepatic insufficiency after curative resection of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma? A pilot study

Liver fibrosis determines the functional liver reserve. Several studies have reported that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) can assess liver fibrosis. We investigated whether DW-MRI predicts postoperative hepatic insufficiency and liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Twenty-six patients with HBV-related HCC who received preoperative DW-MRI on a 3-T MRI system were enrolled between July and December 2008. ADC values were measured twice by two observers. Three “b values” were used: 50, 400 and 800 s/mm². Postoperative hepatic insufficiency was defined as persistent hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin level >5 mg/dl for more than 5 days after surgery) or postoperative death without other causes. The mean age (21 men and 5 women) was 51.4 years. Three patients experienced postoperative hepatic insufficiency. liver stiffness measurement predicted postoperative hepatic insufficiency, advanced fibrosis (F3–4), and cirrhosis significantly [area under the receiving operator characteristic curve (AUROC)=0.942, 0.771 and 0.818, respectively, with P=.047, 0.048 and 0.006, respectively]; ADC values of DW-MRI, however, did not (AUROC=0.797, 0.648 and 0.491, respectively, with P=.100, 0.313 and 0.938, respectively). Reliability of ADC values between right and left hepatic lobes (ρ=0.868 and ρ=0.910 in the first and second measures of Observer A; ρ=0.865 and ρ=0.831 in the first and second measures of Observer B) was high and the intra- and interobserver reliability (ρ=0.958 in observer A and ρ=0.977 in observer B; ρ=0.929 in the first measure and ρ=0.978 in the second measure between the two observers) were high. All reliability was significant (P<.001). Our results suggest that DW-MRI on a 3-T MRI system is not suitable for predicting postoperative hepatic insufficiency, advanced liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis in patients with HBV-related HCC, despite significantly high reliability.