Effect of Microwave Plasma Pre-Treatment on Cotton Cellulose Dissolution

The utilization of cellulose to its full potential is constrained by its recalcitrance to dissolution resulting from the rigidity of polymeric chains, high crystallinity, high molecular weight, and extensive intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding network. Therefore, pretreatment of cellulose is usually considered as a step that can help facilitate its dissolution. We investigated the use of microwave oxygen plasma as a pre-treatment strategy to enhance the dissolution of cotton fibers in aqueous NaOH/Urea solution, which is considered to be a greener solvent system compared to others. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Powder X-ray Diffraction analyses revealed that plasma pretreatment of cotton cellulose leads to physicochemical changes of cotton fibers. Pretreatment of cotton cellulose with oxygen plasma for 20 and 40 min resulted in the reduction of the molecular weight of cellulose by 36% and 60% and crystallinity by 16% and 25%, respectively. This reduction in molecular weight and crystallinity led to a 34% and 68% increase in the dissolution of 1% (w/v) cotton cellulose in NaOH/Urea solvent system. Thus, treating cotton cellulose with microwave oxygen plasma alters its physicochemical properties and enhanced its dissolution.     

Enhanced Crude Oil Sorption by Modified Plant Materials in Oilfield Wastewater Treatment

The treatment of oilfield wastewater with high crude oil content and complex composition is a problem requiring considerable attention. In order to effectively remove crude oil contained in wastewater, in this work, rice straw, as an oil-absorbing material, was modified and used as a sorbent for crude oil. Rice straw was modified with alkali and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) by simple substitution reaction. The adsorption capacity of modified rice straw for oil was evaluated. The results illustrate that the adsorption rate of rice straw for crude oil was increased from 0.83 to 8.49 g/g, with the optimal conditions of 18% NaOH reacted for 90 min at 50 °C and 2% CTAC reacted for 60 min at 20 °C. The proposed modification method could be used for different materials to enhance the adsorption rate. The results of the contact angle test show that the modified straw changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, which may be the main reason for the improvement in the oil absorption rate. Finally, the surface structure of rice straw was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, which further confirmed the hydrophobicity of the modified rice straw.     

Semisynthesis and Pesticidal Activities of Novel Cholesterol Ester Derivatives Containing Cinnamic Acid-like Fragments

Due to the extensive use of agrochemicals resulting in the emergence of pesticide resistance and ecological environment problems, the research and development of new alternatives for crop protection is highly desirable. In order to discover potent natural product-based insecticide candidates, a series of new cholesterol ester derivatives containing cinnamic acid-like fragments at the C-7 position were synthesized. Some derivatives showed potent pesticidal activities. Against Mythimna separata Walker, compounds 2a, Id, Ig, and IIg showed 2.1–2.4-fold growth-inhibitory activity of the precursor cholesterol. Against Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, compounds Ig, IIf, and IIi exhibited 1.9–2.1-fold insecticidal activity of cholesterol. These results will pave the way for the future synthesis of cholesterol-based derivatives as agrochemicals.     

可见光响应纳米TiO2光催化薄膜的研究进展

综述了近几年国内外可见光响应纳米TiO₂薄膜制备的研究现状,阐述了TiO₂薄膜光催化降解有机物的催化机理,系统地介绍了提高纳米TiO₂吸收波长的方法、常用载体、可见光响应纳米TiO₂薄膜制备方法和在降解有机物方面的应用,并概述了其以后的发展趋势.     

荧光纳米晶制备及其与聚合物的复合组装

纳米尺寸无机晶体(纳米晶)具有特殊的光、电和磁等性能, 但这类材料通常以胶体溶液或固体粉末的状态存在, 稳定性和分散性较差. 实现这类材料的应用, 需要将其与一些惰性介质复合, 从而提高稳定性和加工性. 聚合物材料作为一种有机惰性介质, 具有良好的材料兼容性和可加工性, 是稳定纳米晶材料的首选介质. 此外, 很多聚合物材料本身也具备特殊的性能, 可以对纳米晶性能进行有益的补充和调节. 因此, 功能纳米晶材料与聚合物复合, 将成为开启材料性能宝库的钥匙. 我们研究组结合自己的相关研究, 系统总结了荧光纳米晶材料与聚合物的复合组装方法, 着重阐述不同方法的优势及意义, 希望对从事这一前沿领域研究的人们有所启发.     

PMMA纳米球的制备及其银膜包覆技术

采用无皂乳液聚合法制备了单分散、直径为170 nm左右的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)纳米球, 然后利用3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MATS)和3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)对PMMA纳米球进行表面改性, 在其表面包覆一层均匀的巯基, 通过巯基与银离子之间的相互作用, 使银在PMMA纳米球表面成核长大, 从而合成PMMA/Ag纳米球壳粒子. 通过扫描电子显微镜、投射电子显微镜和紫外-可见吸收光谱测试技术对产物性能进行了表征, 研究结果表明, 制备的PMMA/Ag纳米球壳粒子的分散性好、包覆均匀.     

聚癸二酸丙三醇酯对聚乳酸的改性

以丙三醇和癸二酸为单体通过熔融缩聚制得了聚癸二酸丙三醇酯(PGS),并用其预聚物(p-PGS)对聚L-丙交酯(PLLA)进行共混改性.利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)及凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)法对P-PGS的结构进行表征,并研究了改性后材料的力学性能、两相相容性、亲水性能和细胞相容性.结果表明:P-PGS具有支化分子结构,分散系数约为2.7;共混改性后的材料弹性模量和拉伸强度均有所下降,而断裂伸长率从7 %显著提高到150%左右;PLLA/PGS属于海岛式共混结构,PGS以小于10μm的尺寸均匀分布在PLLA基体中;共混后材料的亲水性也有一定的提高,且几乎保持了PLLA原有的细胞相容性.     

Synthesis of Halopyrazole Matrine Derivatives and Their Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activities

Matrine is a traditional botanical pesticide with a broad-spectrum biological activity that is widely applied in agriculture. Halopyrazole groups are successfully introduced to the C13 of matrine to synthesize eight new derivatives with a yield of 78–87%. The insecticidal activity results show that the introduction of halopyrazole groups can significantly improve the insecticidal activity of matrine on Plutella xylostella, Mythimna separata and Spodoptera frugiperda with a corrected mortality rate of 100%, which is 25–65% higher than matrine. The fungicidal activity results indicate that derivatives have a high inhibitory effect on Ceratobasidium cornigerum, Cibberella sanbinetti, Gibberrlla zeae and Collectot tichum gloeosporioides. Thereinto, 4-Cl-Pyr-Mat has the best result, with an inhibition rate of 23–33% higher than that of matrine. Therefore, the introduction of halogenated pyrazole groups can improve the agricultural activity of matrine.     

单宁酸/两性离子改性油-水分离膜的制备及性能

以不锈钢网为基材,利用单宁酸对不锈钢网进行表面预处理并功能化接枝两性离子基团,制备了新型亲水和水下超疏油的单宁酸/两性离子改性油-水分离膜(TA-ZW-SSM).利用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及接触角测量仪等表征了其化学结构、形态和润湿性.研究结果表明,两性离子基团通过化学键接枝在单宁酸预处理的不锈钢网表面.油-水分离实验结果表明,对于不同类型的油-水混合物,本文制备的超亲水和水下超疏油特性的TA-ZW-SSM可实现重力驱动的高效油-水分离,并具有较好的化学稳定性及再循环性.     

Gaseous- and Condensed-Phase Activities of Some Reactive P- and N-Containing Fire Retardants in Polystyrenes

Polystyrene (PS) was modified by covalently binding P-, P-N- and/or N- containing fire-retardant moieties through co- or ter-polymerization reactions of styrene with diethyl(acryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate (DEAMP), diethyl-p-vinylbenzyl phosphonate (DEpVBP), acrylic acid-2-[(diethoxyphosphoryl)methylamino]ethyl ester (ADEPMAE) and maleimide (MI). In the present study, the condensed-phase and the gaseous-phase activities of the abovementioned fire retardants within the prepared co- and ter-polymers were evaluated for the first time. Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry was employed to identify the volatile products formed during the thermal decomposition of the modified polymers. Benzaldehyde, α-methylstyrene, acetophenone, triethyl phosphate and styrene (monomer, dimer and trimer) were detected in the gaseous phase following the thermal cracking of fire-retardant groups and through main chain scissions. In the case of PS modified with ADEPMAE, the evolution of pyrolysis gases was suppressed by possible inhibitory actions of triethyl phosphate in the gaseous phase. The reactive modification of PS by simultaneously incorporating P- (DEAMP or DEpVBP) and N- (MI) monomeric units, in the chains of ter-polymers, resulted in a predominantly condensed-phase mode of action owing to synergistic P and N interactions. The solid-state ³¹P NMR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Inductively-Coupled Plasma/Optical Emission Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of char residues, obtained from ter-polymers, confirmed the retention of the phosphorus species in their structures.