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41.
Studies were carried out on saccharification of pretreated tapioca waste and water hyacinth under two different conditions:
using microbial enzymes (cellulase fromMyrothecium verrucaria, Coprinus comatus,Pleurotus florida, andCellulomonas sp.) and solid-state fermentation. The rate of saccharification was determined at different temperatures, pH, substrate concentration,
and incubation period. It was found that as the source of the enzyme varies, the optimal temperature and pH for the saccharification
varies. Among the two different treatments, enzymatic saccharification was found to be the most efficient. Among the various
cellulase sources tested, M.verrucaria cellulase was found to be the most efficient one followed byC. comatus, P. florida, and finallyCellulomonas sp. 相似文献
42.
R.?Mitchell C.?M.?CarrEmail author M.?Parfitt J.?C.?Vickerman C.?Jones 《Cellulose (London, England)》2005,12(6):629-639
The surface chemical composition of raw unscoured cotton was successfully investigated by the surface analytical techniques
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The presence of non-cellulosic
material at the fibre surface was established and determined to be a complex mixture of fatty acids, alcohols, alkanes, esters
and glycerides. The effect of scouring and bleaching was to reduce the surface concentration of these materials but even after
aqueous processing some non-cellulosic material residue was still detected at the fibre surface. 相似文献
43.
四羧基金属酞菁负载纤维素纤维的制备及其消臭性能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
合成了四羧基铁酞菁(Fe-CPc)和四羧基钴酞菁(Co-CPc),并对其进行了元素分析和红外光谱表征.在酸性条件下,将四羧基金属酞菁负载到改性纤维素纤维上,制备得到消臭纤维.实验结果表明,在室温条件下,四羧基铁酞菁消臭纤维(FePcF)、四羧基钴酞菁消臭纤维(CoPcF)和混合金属酞菁消臭纤维(CoFePcF)3种功能性纤维都能有效去除甲硫醇、硫化氢、氨气和三甲胺,甲硫醇和硫化氢按催化氧化机理除去,而氨气和三甲胺按酸碱中和机理除去;3种消臭纤维对甲硫醇和硫化氢的消臭效果为CoFePcF>CoPcF>FePcF. 相似文献
44.
A microwave-assisted digestion procedure using HNO3, HF, and H2O2 has been developed for analysis of elements in ambient particulate matter (PM). The samples are collected on cellulose filters and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ICP-MS is calibrated with external standards, and recovery of analytes is tested with NIST SRM 1648 Urban Dust. This method has been used to quantify the airborne concentrations of a large number of elements, including Ag, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sb, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, and Zn. For the majority of these elements, recovery of the NIST SRM is within 15% of the certified values. 相似文献
45.
The chiroptical properties and transient rheological behavior of (acetyl)(ethyl)cellulose (AEC) m-cresol liquid crystalline solutions have been investigated. Chiroptical properties were manipulated through (i) increasing degree of acetylation of ethyl cellulose (EC), and (ii) blending AEC with EC. At the same average degree of acetylation (DA), the chiroptical properties of pure AEC were different from those of the EC/AEC mixtures. However, at the same DA, the AEC and mixed AEC/EC solutions showed similar steady state flow and oscillatory behaviors, but the transient behaviors were different. At high flow rates the mixed AEC/EC solutions exhibited double recoil after cessation of steady-state flow, whereas the AEC solutions showed double recoil only in the high DA AEC solutions. All solutions, pure and mixed, had the same stress relaxation behavior. Both pitch and handedness affected the transient behavior. After cessation of high shear rate flow, the rate of modulus evolution decreased with increasing pitch, and was faster in right-handed mesophases than in left-handed ones at a similar pitch. 相似文献
46.
INTRODUCTIONThe wicking technique has been used to determine the surface energy components of solids[1-7]. Generally, thereare two wicking processes in practice, i.e. thin layer wicking and column wicking. A comparison of the twowicking techniques made by van Oss et al.[2], shows that column wicking has a problem of showing differentpacking density due to some kinds of powder materials, i.e. clay can not give good repacking reproducibility[2].But thin layer wicking has a problem in sample… 相似文献
47.
Helena?H?kanssonEmail author Per?Ahlgren Ulf?Germg?rd 《Cellulose (London, England)》2005,12(3):327-335
The amount of disordered material in two types of hardwood kraft pulps was estimated by determining the weight loss at the
point where the levelling-off degree of polymerisation (LODP) was reached. The pulps used were commercial pulps viz (1)one
conventional birch kraft and (2)one mixed hardwood (MHW) kraft pulp that had been prehydrolysed prior to cooking. The results
indicated that the hemicellulose xylan is closely associated with the cellulose in commercial birch pulps. It is therefore
only possible to use LODP as a measure of the crystallite length of hardwood cellulose in highly purified pulps, such as prehydrolysed
kraft pulp. A model explaining the LODP-results is proposed. 相似文献
48.
Cao Ning-Jun Xu Qin Chen Chee-Shan Gong C. S. Chen L. F. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1994,(1):521-530
Cellulose gel with < 10% of crystallinity was prepared by treatment of microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel, with zinc chloride
solution at a ratio of zinc chloride to cellulose from 1.5 to 18 (w/w). The presence of zinc ions in the cellulose gels enhanced
the rate of hydrolysis and glucose yield. The evidence obtained from X-ray diffraction, iodine absorption experiments; and
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra analysis suggested the presence of zinc-cellulose complex after Avicel was treated with
zinc chloride. Zinc-cellulose complex was more susceptible to hydrolysis than amorphous cellulose. Under the experimental
condition, cellulose gels with zinc ions were hyrolyzed to glucose with 95% theoretical yield and a concentration of 14% (w/v)
by cellulases within 20 h. The same gel was hydrolyzed by acid to glucose with 91.5% yield and a concentration of 13.4% (w/v). 相似文献
49.
Ethylene diamine (EDA)/salt solvent systems can dissolve cellulose without any pretreatment. A comparison of the electrical
conductivity of different salts in EDA was made at 25 °C, and conductivity decreased in the order of KSCN>KI>NaSCN at the
same molar concentration. Among the salts tested, potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) was capable of dissolving both high molecular
weight (DP>1000) and low molecular weight (DP = 210) cellulose, and this was confirmed by polarized light microscopy. 39K and 14N NMR experiments were conducted at 70 °C as a function of cellobiose concentration with EDA/KSCN as the solvent. The results
showed that the K+ ion interacts with cellobiose more than the SCN− ion does. Recovered cellulose was studied by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Changes
in the FTIR absorption bands at 1,430 and 1,317 cm−1 were associated with a change in the conformation of the C-6CH2OH group. The changes in positions and/or intensities of absorption bands at 2,900, 1,163, and 8,97cm−1 were related to the breaking of hydrogen bonds in cellulose. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that cellulose, recovered
by precipitating cellulose solutions with water, underwent a polymorphic transformation from cellulose I to cellulose II. 相似文献
50.
An experimental study of the thermal decomposition of powdered cellulose and pine sawdust has been performed. The influence of the heating rate on the temperature profiles in the sample and on the solid conversion rate has been studied. A mathematical model without adjustable parameters has been used to calculate the temperature at different points in the solid bed and the average total solid conversion. The experimental results have been compared with those calculated by the model. A good agreement has been obtained for sawdust. Some differences are observed for cellulose at high heating rates, and the influence of the thermal conductivity and the reaction heat on the results has been analysed. 相似文献