水天线附近红外弱点目标的检测

弱点目标的检测是舰载红外警戒系统中的一个关键问题。由于目标处于海天线附近的高强度背景杂波中，因此，采用常规的点目标检测算法对其进行检测的结果都不够理想。针对这一问题，本文提出了一种改进方法：首先用中值滤波方法对海空背景进行预测和抑制，自适应阈值分割后根据目标点和背景杂波残留在多向梯度上的差异，通过多向梯度检测进一步剔除背景杂波残留，提高了单帧图像的检测概率。     

峰值能量检测及其在被动声纳显示中的应用

本文介绍子带峰值能量检测方法及其在被动声纳显示和检测中的应用[2-4]，同时提出了波束域宽带峰值能量检测算法。新的波束域算法是在已有波束形成的基础上进行处理，不需对原系统进行较大的修改。通过波束域宽带峰值能量检测处理，可以改善声纳显示效果，更加清晰地显示目标方位。相对于高分辨率波束形成算法，两种峰值能量检测算法的运算量都比较低，具有一定的工程应用前景。通过计算机仿真和实测数据处理，验证了所述两种峰值能量算法在提高显示清晰度，减小测向模糊度方面的优点。     

像增强器视场缺陷检测方法研究

在数字式像增强器性能综合检测系统的基础上，研究了像增强器视场缺陷的检测方法。通过数字视频摄像机采集缺陷图像，利用数字图像处理方法确定缺陷性质，缺陷处理算法基于图像灰度特征而不是边缘特征提取。该方法适用于对检测对象有具体量化和定位要求，而不是简单的只有数量和形状特征要求的场合。实验表明，该检测方法能够较准确地检测像增强器的缺陷。     

纳米光学和生物单分子探测

纳米光学技术展示了纳米级探测本领，同时生物单分子探测所需要分辨尺度也是纳米数量级的，因此在生物单分子探测过程中，纳米光学发挥了巨大的作用．文章介绍了与生物单分子探测技术相关的纳米光学技术，包括量子近场光学探针技术、近场光学成像技术(包括扫描近场光学显微术及全内反射荧光显微术)和激光光钳测控技术及它们在生物单分子探测上的进展，从而在染色、成像、测控三个方面展示了纳米光学技术在生物方面的应用，并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望．     

A sorbitol-selective fluorescence sensor

A new anthracene derivative bearing two phenylboronic acid groups at the 1,8-positions was prepared and its binding properties towards sorbitol, xylitol, fructose, glucose and galactose have been studied using fluorescence analysis.     

Precision of neural timing: The small ? limit

We explore the precision of neural timing in a model neural system with n identical input neurons whose firing time in response to stimulation is chosen from a density f. These input neurons stimulate a target cell which fires when it receives m hits within ? msec. We prove that the density of the firing time of the target cell converges as ?→0 to the input density f raised to the mth and normalized. We give conditions for convergence of the density in L¹, pointwise, and uniformly as well as conditions for the convergence of the standard deviations.     

Construction of fiber-optic bundle light-collection systems and calculations of collection efficiency

This paper describes the position-sensitive light-collection system that we use in our fast-beam laser experiments. The collection system consists of fiber-optic bundles whose facets are arranged to accept light emitted from a beam of fluorescent atoms. The flexibility of the fiber bundles allows their use in scanning collection systems with precise position sensitivity. We describe calculations of geometrical collection efficiency using a numerical integration scheme and compare the results with measurements. We also compare the collection efficiencies of the different fiber bundle arrangements that we used as our apparatus evolved with the implementation of various improvements.     

监测L\'{e}vy稳定过程均值变点的平均运行时间估计

平均运行长度(时间) (ARL)是判断一控制图监测变点效果好坏的一个重要工具\bd 本文主要研究L\'{e}vy 稳定过程的均值变点监测问题\bd 我们给出了三个控制图, 即EWMA, GEWMA和GLR的ARL 估计, 并通过数值模拟比较了4个控制图监测均值变点的效果和差异.     

Influence of laser intensity in second-harmonic detection with tunable diode laser multi-pass absorption spectroscopy

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy （TDLAS） has been widely employed in atmospheric trace gases detection. The ratio of the second-harmonic signal to the intensity of laser beam incident to the multi-pass cell is proved to be proportional to the product of the path length and the gas concentration under any condition. A new calibration method based on this relation in TDLAS system for the measurement of trace gas concentration is proposed for the first time. The detection limit and the sensitivity of the system are below 110 and 31ppbv （parts-per-billion in volume）, respectively.     

Shielding against noise interfering with quantitation of insect infestations by acoustic detection systems in grain elevators

Acoustic devices used to detect hidden insect infestations must be shielded from noise in most practical applications. One device developed specifically for use in a noisy environment, the Acoustic Location ‘Fingerprinting’ Insect Detector (ALFID), counts the numbers of insects present in grain samples from shipments being graded for export at commercial grain elevators. This report considers the performance of ALFID's noise-shielding components, which include an enclosure for passive reduction of ambient noise, and an electronic system for active detection and masking of sounds originating outside the grain sample container. Sound pressure levels (SPLs) of ambient noise are reduced inside the enclosure by 60–90 dB at frequencies between 1 and 10 kHz, with a reduction of ~6.5 dB per octave (frequency doubling). The active noise-masking system protects ALFID from loud ambient sounds not sufficiently attenuated by the enclosure. If the output from one of four sensors mounted on the outside of the grain sample container rises above a preset amplitude threshold, a signal is triggered that inhibits acquisition of insect sound data from sensors inside the container. In tests of the complete ALFID system at a grain elevator with ambient noise of 73 ± W dB re 20 μPa SPL, the mean rate of noise-mask triggering was 5.5 s⁻¹, inhibiting acquisition of insect sounds for only 3.9% of the total testing period. This level of performance is sufficient to enable successful operation of ALFID under such noise conditions.