基于锥形量热仪试验的聚合物材料火灾危险评价研究

简述了锥形量热仪的试验原理,以聚合物材料锥形量热仪试验数据为基础,导出了火势增长指数（FGI）、放热指数（THRI6min）、发烟指数（TSPI6min）和毒性气体生成速率指数（ToxGI）4个评价聚合物材料火灾危险的参数,并利用这四个参数对ABS、PS、PVC、PA 4类16种商用塑料样品的火灾危险性逐项进行了分析评价.在此基础上,采用层次分析法的原理对样品的火灾危险进行了综合评价,结果表明,ABS、PS、PVC、PA四类样品的火灾综合危险依次减小.     

Investigation of the thermal decomposition and flammability of PEEK and its carbon and glass-fibre composites

Conventional thermally durable materials such as metals are being replaced with heat resistant engineering polymers and their composites in applications where burn-through resistance and structural integrity after exposure to fire are required. Poly aryl ether ether ketone (PEEK) is one such engineering polymer. Little work has been published with regards to the flammability of PEEK and its filled composites. The current study aims to assess the flammability and fire behaviour of PEEK and its composites using thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry, limiting oxygen index, a vertical flame resistance test, and fire (cone) calorimetry.     

污泥发热量测定方法研究

研究通过发热量值不等的污泥样品干化温度、干化时间、样品称样量以及助燃物添加量等试验因素摸索,优化了污泥发热量测定条件,解决了低发热量值污泥样品测试难题。研究表明：湿污泥样品在105℃条件下干化6h后,使用研磨仪对样品进行研磨40s,称取研磨后的污泥样品1.0g,在充有3.0MPa氧气的氧弹内充分燃烧测试结果准确、稳定;对于发热量值低于7.0 MJ/kg污泥样品,通过添加0.2g苯甲酸标准物质助燃可获得准确的发热量值。     

Excess enthalpies of binary mixtures containing poly(propylene glycols) + benzyl alcohol, or + m-cresol, or + anisole at 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure

Excess enthalpies, H^E, of binary mixtures containing poly(propylene glycols) of different molecular masses + benzyl alcohol, or + m-cresol, or + anisole were determined using a flow microcalorimeter at 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Data was correlated using the Redlich–Kister polynomial. Results were qualitatively discussed in terms of molecular interactions and of the regular solution model.     

CALICE scintillator hadron calorimeter prototype commissioning and calibration

First experience with construction and positron beam tests of a scintillator tile hadron calorimeter are discussed. Participating Institutes are DESY (FLC) Hamburg, ITEP, LPI, MEPHI Moscow, Institute of Physics AS CR, IPNP of Charles University, Prague within the CALICE Collaboration.     

Isobaric specific heat capacity of typical lithium chloride liquid desiccants using scanning calorimetry

Three kinds of lithium chloride desiccants were selected, which are considered to be potential and interesting working fluids for a desiccant/dehumidification or absorption refrigeration system, and their isobaric specific heat capacities were determined in this context. Experiments were conducted at a high accuracy twin-cell scanning calorimeter. The temperature accuracy and heat flux resolution of the calorimeter are ±0.05 K and 0.1 μW respectively. The data of lithium chloride + water and lithium chloride + triethylene glycol (TEG)/propylene glycol (PG) + water systems were achieved at temperatures from 308.15 K to 343.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The mass fraction of LiCl ranged from 15% to 45% in the LiCl + H₂O system, and the mass fraction of LiCl and glycol ranged from 10% to 23.3% and 20% to 46.7% in the ternary systems respectively. Based on the experimental heat capacity data, a universal empirical formula was correlated as a function of temperature and solute mass fraction. In the experimental mass fractions and temperatures range, the average absolute deviation (AAD) between experiment results and calculated values is no more than 0.15%, and maximum absolute deviation (MAD) is within 0.38%. These thermodynamic data of lithium chloride solutions can be effectively used for analysis and design of desiccant/dehumidification systems and absorption refrigeration systems in both refrigeration and chemical industry.     

用绝热测试的压力数据计算分解反应的表观活化能

绝热量热技术的广泛应用促进了绝热动力学研究的发展.至今为止，绝热动力学的研究仍是以Townsend 和 Tou在1980年提出的绝热动力学方程为基础.他们利用反应物浓度与温度的关系建立动力学模型，从而求得了反应的活化能.但这种方法在反应体系的温度效应不明显时的应用，就受到很大的限制.因此，本文通过建立用压力表示的动力学方程，充分利用绝热量热中的压力数据，提出了一种计算反应活化能的新方法.同时用这种方法计算了过氧化二叔丁基和2-甲基-5-硝基苯磺酸的绝热分解活化能值，并与文献值和其他计算方法所得结果进行了比较.     

Which calorimeter is best? A guide for choosing the best calorimeter for a given task

Most scientists are not knowledgeable about calorimetry. The purpose of this paper is to assist the novice in calorimetry to select the best calorimeter commercially available for their task. The primary literature is a poor guide for instrument selection. Instrument developments in calorimetry are usually not reported in primary literature and calorimetric measurements are usually done with the calorimeter that is available, not the best instrument for the measurement. A procedure for choosing the best calorimeter for a given task is described.     

铁-镍-钒三元系固态合金的量热研究——双子、差示、高温量热计

本文介绍一种自制双子、差示、高温量热计,此仪器用于测量固态合金的生成焓和相变焓。最高工作温度可达1200℃。通过测定已知焓值的纯铁的相变焓,证明量热计可靠。用这台量热计测量了8种不同成份的Fe-Ni-V固态合金的生成焓,其中包含σ相和γ相。为该体系的热力学研究提供了必要的热化学数据。     

重氢原子进入钛晶格中引起“过热”现象的量热实验

氘原子进入钛晶格后产生电解“过热”现象。对“过热”热量的准确测量是判定电解过程中是否有“过热”的重要依据。采用我们研究的大功率开放量热设备［２］，用重水进行电解实验。出现了“过热”，“过热”功率为１６－６９瓦，±０３瓦，分别为输入电功率的３０％－３２％。