Development of a multi frequency pulse diagnostic ultrasound device

Diagnostic ultrasound is a powerful tool for characterising a wide range of solutions, with devices such as the continuous wave Malvern Ultrasizer at the forefront. However to reduce capital cost and allow online application without reducing accuracy and application a new system was designed, built and made operational. The ultrafood system is a variable path length pulse system, which produces both time and frequency domain data that is repeatable and accurate compared to reference methods and values. The use of multiple distance measurement removes the need for reference fluid calibration and thermal expansion compensation.     

用已知数均分子量的多个多分散标样校准尺寸排除色谱柱

Hamielec双因子觅数法曾广泛应用于多分散标样校准尺寸排除色谱(SEC)柱.其后,有人将它改进为单因子觅数法,他们一般只使用了一个已知两种标定量(_n和_w或_η)的样品.在已知某一种标定量的多个多分散试样的校准工作中,有的为前述方法在非线性校准上的扩展,仍采用试凑法逼近目标函数;Szewczyk则利用与标定量对应的平均保留体积的概念,提出了一种较为有效的方法.     

掠入射平面镜反射率在同步辐射源上的标定方法研究

在北京同步辐射源的3W1B束线上,利用平面变间距光栅分光,获得单色性较好,强度较高,能谱连续可调的单色光源.利用该光源,我们实现了掠入射平面镜反射率的精密标定,解决了角度基准,转动精度,大动态范围测量的问题.在2度时,角度的不确定度为2%,反射率的不确定度0.1%,取得了突破性的进展.     

偶极子接收换能器驻波场校准系统的研究

本文研究了设计偶极子接收换能器的驻波场校准系统，利用该系统可以实现偶极子类型接收换能器的校准，包括接收灵敏度及偶极子方向性的测量，频率范围为２０－２０００Ｈｚ校准误差小于１ｄＢ。     

Brauchbarkeit von Mehrelementstandards zur Kalibrierung bei der atomabsorptionsspektroskopischen Wasseranalyse

Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß bei der Bestimmung von Ionen der Elemente Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb und Zn mit Hilfe der flammenlosen AAS gegenseitige Störungen auftreten, die durch Zusatz von Salpetersäure verringert, bzw. in einigen Fällen beseitigt werden können. Unter der Bedingung der geringsten gegenseitigen Beeinflussung wurden diese Ionen zu einem Mehrelementstandard kombiniert. Am Beispiel von Wasseranalysen wurde nachgewiesen, daß ein derartiger Mehrelementstandard zur Kalibrierung des Gerätes geeignet ist. Damit können die Bestimmungen mit Hilfe einer Eichkurve bzw. eines Umrechnungsfaktors vorgenommen werden. Die Anwendung des aufwendigen Verfahrens der Standard-Additions-Methode entfällt.

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Use of multielement standards for calibration in water analysis by AAS

Summary Studies have shown that the determination of metal ions like Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn by means of flameless AAS is a major problem, because of interference of these metal ions with each other. We found that addition of nitric acid helps in eliminating such interferences partially or in some cases completely. By maintaining proper conditions where such influences are minimum, one can combine these metal ions to a multielement standard. By the example of water analysis by flameless AAS, it is shown that such a multielement standard is suitable for the calibration of the instrument. The determination of metal ions can thus be carried out using either calibration curves or conversion factors and avoiding the tedious standard addition method.

     

Calibration in TLC/HPTLC using the Michaelis-Menten function

Summary The Michaelis-Menten function describes a non linear relationship and is a possible calibration curve in TLC. Usually the linearized forms are used but the problem of uncontrolled error propagation arises from data transformation and hence incorrect calibration. Nonlinear regression analysis is therefore used in this paper. The results of erroneous transformation according to Lineweaver-Burk and to Eadie are compared with the results of non-linear regression by means of three sets of measured data or data given in the literature.     

High precision camera calibration in vision measurement

In order to ensure the measurement precision for shape recovery from a stereo vision system, a novel high precision calibration method is presented. Some standard points acquired from the object of interest are used as standard world points. There are four rotation matrices and translation matrices that need to be calibrated, the first is between the left camera and the world coordinate, the second is between the right camera and the world coordinate, the third is between the left camera and the right camera, and the last is between the right camera and the left camera. The lens distortion parameters include radial and tangential distortion. The merits of the calibration method are its high precision, easy of operation, and high reliability.     

基于PVDF传感器的单脉冲激光推力加载过程研究

 利用高频响应材料PVDF作为敏感元件，建立了一套单脉冲瞬态推力测试系统，并用37 mm分离式Hopkinson压杆装置对该测试系统进行动态标定。标定结果显示，在0~150 MPa范围内，PVDF传感器（5 mm×5 mm）的压电特性呈线性，动态压电系数经线性拟合后为20 pC/N。用所建推力测试系统获得了单脉冲激光作用下，旋转抛物形激光推力器的推力加载曲线，并对该曲线形成多个峰值的原因进行了分析。实验结果表明，该系统可以捕获激光推力器脉冲推力加载特征。     

q软X光多层镜反射率在同步辐射源上的标定

软X光多层镜反射率标定实验在北京同步辐射装置上进行,利用BSRF-3W1B 束线及其反射率计靶室(主靶室)标定不同材料的多层镜样品的反射率.多层镜的标定采用波长扫描法,以得到样品反射率随波长变化的曲线.给出了21°-B4C/Si,21°-B4C/Mo,10°-Cr/Ti,15°- B4C/W,10°- B4C/W以及6.86°-B4C/W等6块多层镜在50～1 500 eV能段上的反射率标定曲线,并将其与理论计算结果进行比较.结果表明标定曲线与理论曲线很好地符合.影响标定结果的总不确定度的主要因素是光子能量不确定度,其次是角度不确定度,测量不确定度的影响很小.     

Design and calibration of a piezoelectric actuator for interferometric applications

The present work reports a possible solution for a low-cost piezoelectric actuator available for interferometric applications. In the paper the design, the assembly and the calibration of the actuator are described in detail.

The solution adopted consists of a machined stainless steel case deformed by three low-voltage multilayer plumbum zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic blocks. In the proposed arrangement a three degree of freedom device is obtained, by which a translation and two rotations can be performed.

The PZTs are driven by a supply voltage provided by a 16 bit D/A converter directly connected to the parallel port of a personal computer which guarantees a very accurate output. This voltage is applied on each ceramic by means of a variable resistor, by which it is possible to adjust the maximum driving voltage for the single block. This electrical solution allows to match up the strokes of the ceramics in order to obtain a straight expansion of the whole actuator.

After the mechanical and electrical set-up of the actuator, a static calibration was carried out by inserting it along one arm of a Michelson speckle interferometer. The calibration procedure had emphasized the hysteresis loop and the non-linearity of the electromechanical behaviour of the actuator.