天文定位中倾角传感器的标定

为提高天文定位系统的定位精度,减小倾角传感器安装误差对系统水平测量精度的影响,对系统中倾角传感器的安装参数标定及校正进行了研究.首先,给出基于倾角传感器的天文定位系统工作原理,分析倾角传感器安装过程中存在的误差源.然后,提出一种通过对天文定位系统进行改造,利用系统自身完成倾角传感器安装参数标定的方法,并给出了倾角测量数据的校正算法.最后,建立三视场天文定位系统仿真测试平台,对标定方法的性能进行了分析和验证.实验结果表明:该倾角传感器安装参数标定方法的标定精度与倾角传感器自身测量精度保持一致,在全量程范围内校正后的倾角测量结果最大误差为4.315 5″,基本满足天文定位系统中高精度倾角测量要求.     

Investigation of the specific mass flow rate distribution in pipes supplied with a pulsating flow

A pulsating flow is typical of inlet and exhaust pipes of internal combustion engines and piston compressors. Unsteady flow phenomena are especially important in the case of turbocharged engines, because dynamic effects occurring in the exhaust pipe can affect turbine operation conditions and performance.One of the basic parameters describing the unsteady flow is a transient mass flow rate related to the instantaneous flow velocity, which is usually measured by means of hot-wire anemometers. For the flowing gas, it is more appropriate to analyze the specific mass flow rate φ_m = ρv, which takes into account also variations in the gas density. In order to minimize the volume occupied by measuring devices in the control section, special double-wire sensors for the specific mass flow rate (CTA) and temperature (CCT) measurement were applied. The article describes procedures of their calibration and measurement. Different forms of calibration curves are analyzed as well in order to match the approximation function to calibration points. Special attention is paid to dynamic phenomena related to the resonance occurring in a pipe for characteristic frequencies depending on the pipe length. One of these phenomena is a reverse flow, which makes it difficult to interpret properly the recorded CTA signal. Procedures of signal correction are described in detail. To verify the measurements, a flow field investigation was carried out by displacing probes radially and determining the profiles of the specific mass flow rate under the conditions of a steady and pulsating flow. The presence and general features of a reverse flow, which was identified experimentally, were confirmed by 1-D unsteady flow calculations.     

利用近红外光谱法分析玉米籽粒脂肪酸含量的研究

采用傅里叶近红外漫反射光谱技术,结合偏最小二乘法,以294份中选的普通和高油玉米自交系以及高油玉米重组自交系为样品建立了玉米籽粒四种主要脂肪酸(软脂酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸)含量和含油量的近红外光谱(NIRS)校正模型。其中,油酸、亚油酸和含油量的校正模型质量较高,交叉验证决定系数分别为0.89,0.88和0.91,外部验证决定系数分别为0.86,0.84和0.92,相对分析误差(RSP(C))均大于2.5。软脂酸和硬脂酸的校正模型不够精确,交叉验证决定系数和外部验证决定系数均小于0.80,相对分析误差(RSP(C))均小于2.5。通过实际预测进一步验证了油酸、亚油酸和含油量NIRS模型的准确性和可靠性。这些模型可应用于玉米籽粒脂肪酸含量及油分含量大批量快速测定,对玉米油分的品质育种具有重要意义。     

高功率固体激光装置哈特曼传感器参考波前标定方法

 在高功率固体激光驱动器中,参考波前标定是自适应光学系统应用过程中的关键技术之一。基于国内某大型激光原型装置光路特点,对比研究了两种不同的参考波前标定方法,详细分析了两种方法的标定过程和影响标定结果准确性的主要因素,选取了较为准确的参考波前标定结果。基于该参考波前,对AO系统闭环和开环条件下的远场进行了对比测试,实验证明了标定结果的有效性。该研究结果成功应用于该激光原型装置的AO系统波前补偿实验。     

空间外差光谱仪定标方法研究

空间外差光谱仪(SHS)是近年来迅速发展起来的新型超光谱分析技术,但针对该项技术的定标研究方法还不成熟。本文在分析空间外差仪原理的基础上,探讨了SHS实验室定标方法,内容包括光谱定标和辐射定标。利用可调谐激光器与元素光谱灯,根据光谱带宽内的发射谱线所对应的波长,以及探测器尺寸与系统带宽之间的关系,设计了光谱定标方案。定标结果显示仪器光谱分辨率和光谱范围与理论设计值一致,通过多次光谱稳定性测试,光谱漂移较小。在辐射定标中,利用积分球系统进行了稳定性定标,利用标准灯和漫反射板完成了响应度定标,并利用定标系数进行了实例验证。定标结果显示该方法能够满足空间外差光谱仪定标要求,为获取的光谱数据进行定量反演奠定了基础。     

变量优选补正算法的鲜枣可溶性固形物检测模型传递方法研究

在水果的品质检测和分级分选中,存在不同仪器所建检测模型难以共享的难题。为此,以壶瓶枣为研究对象,利用可见/近红外光谱技术探讨仪器间可溶性固形物含量（SSC）检测模型的传递方法。首先,采用美国ASD（Analytical Spectral Device）公司生产的两台仪器采集样本的光谱信息,采用最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）建立原始光谱、Savitzky-Golay一阶导数处理、标准正态变量变换后的SSC检测模型,预测不同仪器采集的光谱时3种方法的预测能力均较差。预测同一台仪器的光谱时,基于原始光谱的主仪器所建模型最优,预测集的决定系数（R2_p）和均方根误差（RMSEP）分别为0.73和1.36%。在此基础上,采用Kennard/Stone算法选取标样,利用专利算法（Shenk’s）、直接标准化（DS）、斜率/偏差算法（S/B）进行模型传递。然后,根据回归系数提取主仪器（24个）和从仪器（28个）的特征波长,优选出单一变量（SV）24个、共性变量（CV）23个、融合变量（FV）29个,均涵盖了SSC的主要吸收谱带。利用优选的变量分别建立主仪器的LS-SVM检测模型,采用主仪器的预测结果（R2_p=0.78~0.80,RMSEP=1.07%~1.13%）明显好于全波段所建模型,但预测从仪器时RMSEP为6.62%~7.88%,模型失效。最后,基于波长位置偏移和分子振动的吸收特性提出了共性变量优选结合差值补正（CV-MC）、单一变量优选结合差值补正、融合变量优选结合差值补正、共性变量优选结合波长补正算法（CV-WC）进行模型传递,并与SV-Shenk’s,CV-Shenk’s,FV-Shenk’s,SV-DS,CV-DS,FV-DS,SV-S/B,CV-S/B和FV-S/B进行对比分析。结果表明,基于全波段进行模型传递时,预测结果均较差（R2_p=0.03~0.34,RMSEP=2.44%~4.67%）;基于优选变量所建模型经SV-Shenk’s,CV-Shenk’s,FV-Shenk’s传递后的结果较差,经其他算法传递后的结果（R2_p=0.47~0.73,RMSEP=1.30%~1.90%）好于全波段;基于共性变量传递后的结果好于单一变量和融合变量,CV-MC结果最佳（R2_p=0.73,RMSEP=1.30%）,CV-WC传递后的预测结果（RMSEP=1.62%）与CV-DS和CV-S/B相近。研究表明,CV-MC和CV-WC均是一种有效模型传递算法,对建立不同仪器间通用的鲜枣品质检测模型具有重要意义。     

基于门控积分的光电导探测器标定方法

 为了用同步辐射光源完成对光电导探测器的标定工作，用门控积分方法代替基于高性能宽带示波器的高灵敏测量系统，改进了前端放大器，带宽达到了2.9 GHz，改进后的门控积分系统灵敏度达到2.8×10^-18 C/bit。在北京同步辐射装置进行了金刚石探测器的灵敏度动态标定实验，针对碳、铝、镍、铁多种薄滤波片进行了测量，获得了具有比较好的信噪比结果。从试验结果可以初步得出样品探测器在长波段响应（50～280 eV）比较灵敏，在原理上验证了这种方法的可行性。     

用于激光等离子体中X射线测量的单光子计数型CCD的标定

 介绍了单光子计数型CCD的工作原理。实验选择参数准确的X射线放射源前向辐照CCD的像元面，计数由此产生；通过积分获得X射线的强度分布，在CCD处于单光子计数状态下，扣除本底信号，得到该型CCD产生一个计数所需的光子能量，约6.453 eV。标定了该型CCD的探测效率。结果表明：在单光子计数型CCD的有效能区内，对于不同能量的入射光子，其探测效率不同，在5.3 keV处获得最高探测效率66％；随着能量的增大，探测效率降低。标定结果可为激光等离子体研究中定量测量X射线光谱提供实验参考。     

An Information-theoretic Approach to the Effective Usage of Auxiliary Information from Survey Data

In this paper, we propose an information-theoretic approach to the effective usage of auxiliary information from survey data, which is suitable for both simple and complex survey data. Our estimator under simple random sampling without replacement will be consistent and asymptotically normal. We show that the resulting estimates have smaller asymptotic variances than the usual estimates which do not use auxiliary information. For more complex survey designs, the resulting estimator is in essence asymptotically equivalent to a pseudo empirical likelihood estimator. Results of a limited simulation study show that the proposed estimators perform well among a number of competitors.     

Role of covariances in calibration and determination in activation analysis

When more then one measured signal is used in activation analysis or more then one sample of a material is analysed in the same batch, there is a problem of correlation. Algorithms are derived and tested for the calculation of calibration coefficients and their covariance matrix and for the calculation of the final result from the analysis of several subsamples. The results compare favourably with the results of other computational procedures in use.