碟形超声变幅杆的设计

优化超声变幅杆的形状结构可有效地提高水域声场分布和空化区域,提升对水域超声空化效果。通过模拟分析发现传统超声变幅杆在水域中具有声场分布均匀性差、变幅杆端部声压高等特征,不利于声波在水域中传播。基于此,提出并优化设计了一种具有碟形结构的变幅杆,位于变幅杆的最大振幅处的碟形结构,有更大的振动位移;模拟表明其水域声场和声压均衡度显著优于传统变幅杆,铝箔空化腐蚀实验进一步证实了其水域中的声压分布均匀性。同时,实验通过铝箔的空化腐蚀、KI剂量测定及工件表面油渍去除对比了传统变幅杆和碟形变幅杆,分析表明碟形变幅杆所在水域中有较大的空化腐蚀区域,腐蚀速率明显提升,声化学反应速率提高,油渍去除程度增强,说明了设计的碟形变幅杆能够促进空化泡的产生,增加水域空化区域。     

红外CT模拟在混凝土板内部缺陷探测中的应用

红外成像技术采用非接触式检测方法,对结构内部缺陷进行实时、快速大面积扫描探测,作为无损检测领域一项新的技术在土木工程中得到越来越广泛的应用。但是,这种技术的主要缺点是只能通过成像技术显示缺陷表面状况,却无法获知缺陷深度和厚度。本文以一维有缺陷混凝土板为研究对象,采用有限差分法对混凝土板进行热传导数值模拟分析,获得每一点物体表面温度差与缺陷深度及其厚度的非线性对应关系。在此基础上,采用人工神经网络算法,实现对混凝土板内部缺陷的三维重构,即红外CT模拟。本文提出的方法可以同时获得缺陷深度和厚度,并适用于任意形状的缺陷。     

Model correction for the formation of amorphous silicon by ion implantation

The critical dose at which an implanted amorphous layer in silicon is formed cannot be explained by a previous energy independent model. An energy dependent correction to this model can explain our ESR data as well as other data. The correction is most important for light ions.     

Comparison of phantom materials for use in quality assurance of microbeam radiation therapy

Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a promising radiotherapy modality that uses arrays of spatially fractionated micrometre‐sized beams of synchrotron radiation to irradiate tumours. Routine dosimetry quality assurance (QA) prior to treatment is necessary to identify any changes in beam condition from the treatment plan, and is undertaken using solid homogeneous phantoms. Solid phantoms are designed for, and routinely used in, megavoltage X‐ray beam radiation therapy. These solid phantoms are not necessarily designed to be water‐equivalent at low X‐ray energies, and therefore may not be suitable for MRT QA. This work quantitatively determines the most appropriate solid phantom to use in dosimetric MRT QA. Simulated dose profiles of various phantom materials were compared with those calculated in water under the same conditions. The phantoms under consideration were RMI457 Solid Water (Gammex‐RMI, Middleton, WI, USA), Plastic Water (CIRS, Norfolk, VA, USA), Plastic Water DT (CIRS, Norfolk, VA, USA), PAGAT (CIRS, Norfolk, VA, USA), RW3 Solid Phantom (PTW Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany), PMMA, Virtual Water (Med‐Cal, Verona, WI, USA) and Perspex. RMI457 Solid Water and Virtual Water were found to be the best approximations for water in MRT dosimetry (within ±3% deviation in peak and 6% in valley). RW3 and Plastic Water DT approximate the relative dose distribution in water (within ±3% deviation in the peak and 5% in the valley). PAGAT, PMMA, Perspex and Plastic Water are not recommended to be used as phantoms for MRT QA, due to dosimetric discrepancies greater than 5%.     

Radiation background due to radioactive sources in a luminescence dating laboratory

For practical reasons, usually, luminescence dating laboratories contain in the same room (or in adjacent rooms) the equipment and the radioactive sources, as well as the storage cabinet for the samples. It is generally assumed that the absorbed dose due to ambient radioactivity is null or at least negligible in terms of human health (below the dose limit).To test the actual dose rate inside our laboratory room, an investigation combining portable dose rate meter, portable NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometry, and blue-OSL dosimetry using Al₂O₃:C pellets was made. Although our measurements show the presence of X-rays as far as 3 m from the sources, the dose rates are below the safety regulation and does not affect the dating of the sample stored in the same room as the radioactive sources.     

Spin concentration in a possible ESR dosimeter: An electron spin echo study on X-irradiated ammonium tartrate

Several single crystals and powder samples of ammonium tartrate, recently proposed as a possible ESR dosimeter, have been X-irradiated with different doses. The total radical concentration has been determined by quantitative cw ESR, by comparison with a standard. The samples have been studied by electron spin echo spectroscopy. The two-pulse echo decay has been obtained and simulated by a single exponential function for different values of the microwave power of the pulses and for different pulse lengths. The dependence of the phase memory time TM on the microwave power has been exploited to get information on the contribution of the instantaneous diffusion to spin dephasing. At room temperature in the range of radical concentrations of 10(18)-10(19) spins/cm3 the instantaneous diffusion is the dominant spin dephasing mechanism. The linear dependence of the instantaneous diffusion on the total concentration of the radicals is in agreement with the theory. From the latter result we conclude that the average radical-radical distance corresponds to a random distribution of the radicals in the matrix. A simple method of measuring the radical concentration by the ESE decays in powder samples of irradiated ammonium tartrate is described.     

Thermoluminescence of x-irradiated CaSO4:Dy phosphors and role of Na2SO4 as a charge compensator

The thermoluminescence of x-irradiated CaSO₄: Dy phosphors has been studied for diverse activator concentrations. The concentration-dependence of these phosphors on the increase of glow peak intensities has been found to be remarkable. For higher concentration of dysprosium the concentration quenching effect has been observed. This has been attributed to the resonant transfer of energy from one activator atom to another, bringing the possible migration of energy in a solid, which is likely to get dissipated without luminescence, at the quenching site itself. The effect of irradiation time on the glow peak intensities reveals the initial linearity and a subsequent decrease indicating the possible radiation damage. The role of Na₂SO₄ as a charge compensator has been studied in detail. An attempt has been made to unravel the type of kinetics involved in the process, by calculating the activation energies by different methods. It has been concluded that the type of kinetics involved in the process is bimolecular.     

Luminescence of Molecules with Internal Charge Transfer upon Longwave Excitation

We have studied the spectral properties of luminescence of laurdan molecules in glycerin upon excitation at the red edge of the absorption band at different temperatures. The most significant red-wave shift of the spectra (10 nm) for the longwave band of dual fluorescence is observed depending on the excitation wavelength at a low temperature of 260 K when a solvent forms a fairly rigid matrix. At the same time, at increased temperatures of up to 370 K a small bathochromic shift and a change in the shape of the luminescence bands are also recorded reliably. Changes in the excitation spectra were observed when luminescence was recorded in the bands of the LE- and CT states. The difference spectrum responsible for the additional absorption that does not make a contribution to the longwave luminescence component has been isolated. The decay kinetics of both luminescence components have been measured and their expansions in decay constants have been analyzed. The experimental dependences obtained point to the complex mechanism of inhomogeneous broadening of spectra.     

CT重构中射线硬化的校正研究

在工业CT(ComputedTomography)重构中,由于射束硬化使得重建图像中出现"杯状"伪影。为了消除这种影响,提出了一种校正方法。该方法基于Beer理论,根据多色射束和数据,首先拟合出等效单色射束和数据,然后进行卷积反投影重构。这种方法不仅较好地消除了射线硬化的影响,同时也使重构图像的信息损失不大。     

基于X射线断层成像的逆向工程中轮廓序列分割算法的原理及实现

为了实现基于X射线断层成像(CT)的逆向工程中具有参数识别的三维图像重构, 提出了一种分割轮廓序列的新算法. 首先通过一定角度的射线法来得到轮廓间的嵌套关系,然后采用扫描一次关系矩阵生成轮廓树的方法实现层内轮廓定位, 最后运用轮廓间定量、定性的属性判定来完成层间的轮廓匹配. 通过实例, 本文提供的算法可以准确、快速地分割CT零件中的轮廓序列.