双轴应力状态下正交异性动态光弹性应力——光性定律研究

基于静态下Ｈｙｅｒ和Ｌｉｕ表述的正交异性应力－光性定律，在前文中，提出了正交异性光弹性复合材料的动态应力－光性定律并证明了其在单轴应力状态下的正确性。本文旨在进一步考察在双轴应力状态下正交异性动态应力－光性定律的适用性，采用的方法是对纤维增强光弹性复合材料制作的平板模型施加冲击荷载，加载方向与材料纤维方向分别成０°、９０°及４５°角，同时进行正交异性动态光弹性实验和动态应变测量，另外，对该模型进行相应的各向异性介质时域边界元计算。把动态应变测量推算出的应力分量以及时域边界元计算出的应力分量分别代入正交异性动态应力－光性定律，得到随时间变化的双折射条纹级数历程，将其与正交异性动态光弹性实验的结果进行比较。实验及计算结果表明，在三个加载方向下，由这三种方法得到的双折射条纹级数历程均吻合良好，从而证明了前文提出的正交异性动态应力－光性定律在双轴应力状态下的正确性。     

Green＇s function formalism in semi-infinite composites： an investigation of local field distribution

In the resonant composites, the formerly developed Green's function formalism (GFF) can be used to compute the local field distribution near resonance. In this paper, we extend the GFF in the infinite network to the semi-infinite networks by the method of image. Using the formalism, we investigate the local field distribution near resonance for the impurity clusters with admittance ε_0 embedded in one semi-infinite network with ε_1. With varying the admittance ε_2 of another semi-infinite network, we find that the local fields in the boundary experience great changes, especially at ε_2=-ε_1. The existence of the boundary enhances the localization of the fields within and around the metallic clusters. Therefore, the intensity of local field is influenced by the arrangement of impurity metallic bonds and its distance from the boundary.     

W-Mo系复合材料的制备及其特性波阻抗

 采用放电等离子烧结技术，在相同的温度（1 473 K）及压力（30 MPa）下，制备出不同配比的致密的W-Mo系复合材料样品。采用高精度超声波脉冲回波重合方法，精确测量了超声波在样品中传播的横、纵波声速，并由此得到样品的特性波阻抗值。对样品的相组成分析及电子探针分析的结果表明，W-Mo系复合材料主要是以W、Mo机械混合的形式通过粘结相获得致密化的。因此，选用混合物模型对其特性波阻抗值进行了理论预测，与实测值的比较表明该模型能对W-Mo系复合材料的特性波阻抗作出比较准确的预测。     

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering investigations on silver nanoparticles deposited on alumina and titania nanotubes: influence of the substrate material on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering activity of Ag nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles deposited on various ‘inert’ porous materials (mainly Al₂O₃ and TiO₂) are often used as substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. In this study, we used the sputter deposition technique to cover tubular arrays of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ with Ag nanoparticles. Raman spectra of pyridine (as a probe molecule) and of two selected dyes (5‐(4‐dimethylaminobenzylidene)rhodanine and 5‐(4‐(dimethylamino)benzylidene)‐3‐(3‐methoxypropyl)rhodanine) adsorbed on fabricated Ag/TiO₂‐n/Ti and Ag/Al₂O₃‐n/Al substrates were measured. We found that the SERS spectra of pyridine adsorbed on Ag nanoparticles deposited on an Al₂O₃‐n/Al substrate are distinctly different from those measured for an Ag/TiO₂‐n/Ti composite. Similar effects were observed for dyes adsorbed on the surface of both composites. The spectral differences between two kinds of composites (Ag/TiO₂‐n/Ti and Ag/Al₂O₃‐n/Al) are discussed in terms of (1) the modified electronic structure of the Ag nanoparticles due to their interaction with different substrate materials and (2) the different atomic topology of the metal particles thus deposited on the surfaces of the substrates. Composite samples were also studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) to reveal their characteristic morphological and chemical features. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冷轧成型Al/Ni多层复合材料力学行为与冲击释能特性研究

基于冷轧成型工艺,采用不同的轧制道次制备Al/Ni多层复合材料。开展了Al/Ni多层复合材料准静态压缩和准密闭二次撞击反应实验,对它的力学性能和冲击释能特性进行测试。同时,通过扫描电镜得到了材料的细观结构特性,分析了Al/Ni多层复合材料细观特性对宏观力/化学行为的影响机制。结果表明,基于冷轧技术制备的Al/Ni多层复合材料比粉末压制而成的Al/Ni复合材料塑性更强,材料的抗压强度总体随冷轧次数的增加呈上升趋势。另外,冷轧3～5道次的Al/Ni多层复合材料的准密闭二次撞击反应实验表明,材料在相同的撞击速度(800～1 500 m/s)下释放的化学能随着轧制道次的增加而逐渐降低。     

船用复合材料螺旋桨研究进展

复合材料具有比强度高,阻尼性能好及可调整纤维铺层以控制结构变形等优点.复合材料应用于螺旋桨将改善螺旋桨的推进性能和振动特性.通过对国内外复合材料螺旋桨研究成果的回顾、总结和归纳,得出了传统的算法已不满足复合材料螺旋桨的设计和预报要求,复合材料螺旋桨的设计和预报算法需考虑桨叶变形引起的空间流场变化的结论.分析了可借助纤维增强材料所具有的弯扭耦合特性,调整桨叶纤维材料铺层和桨叶结构形式来提高螺旋桨推进效率的规律性.总结了复合材料螺旋桨研究中的关键技术和复合材料螺旋桨设计流程,并指出了复合材料螺旋桨未来研究的趋势.      

Thermal weight loss of silica-poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) sol-gel composites

Thermogravimetric analyses of sol-gel derived silica and silica-poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) materials show that the loss in weight between 35 and 900°C can be attributed to three distinct reactions. Samples were prepared by dissolving the reactants tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), and water in mixtures of ethanol and formamide. The lowest temperature weight loss is due to the decomposition/removal of the solvents, while the intermediate weight loss corresponds to decomposition of the PVAc. The highest temperature weight loss is related to the dehydroxylation of the silica surface. The relative amounts of ethanol and formamide have a considerable effect on processing time, drying behavior, and the resulting thermal behavior of the gels.The financial support of the Center for Ceramic Research, a New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology Center, is greatly appreciated.     

Preparation of a Conducting Flexible Material from Silane Coupling Agent and Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene Rubber by Hydrolysis and Condensation

Abstract

Synthesis and characterization of a flexible polymer produced from silane coupling agent (SCA) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) were performed. Mechanical properties of chemically and electrochemically prepared conducting composites synthesized from this polymer were investigated. Conductivities of the composites were also measured. Polypyrrole enhanced the mechanical properties of the chemically prepared conducting composite. Doping with iodine greatly changed the conductivity of the composite. However, the change in mechanical properties and the conductivities of the electrochemically prepared composite were not as significant when compared with the electrochemically prepared polypyrrole. Among the composites, a chemically prepared composite was highly flexible like rubber. However, the electrochemically produced composite possesses two orders of magnitude higher conductivity. Also, this composite revealed higher tensile strength and elasticity with respect to pristine polypyrrole.     

Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Nano‐Onion/PEDOT:PSS Composites

Composites of unmodified or oxidized carbon nano‐onions (CNOs/ox‐CNOs) with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are prepared with different compositions. By varying the ratio of PEDOT:PSS relative to CNOs, CNO/PEDOT:PSS composites with various PEDOT:PSS loadings are obtained and the corresponding film properties are studied as a function of the polymer. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization is performed for pristine and ox‐CNO samples. The composites are characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies. The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposites are determined and compared. Doping the composites with carbon nanostructures significantly increases their mechanical and electrochemical stabilities. A comparison of the results shows that CNOs dispersed in the polymer matrices increase the capacitance of the CNO/PEDOT:PSS and ox‐CNO/PEDOT:PSS composites.     

Hydrophobic cryogels for DNA adsorption: Effect of embedding of monosize microbeads into cryogel network on their adsorptive performances

As alternative hydrophobic adsorbent for DNA adsorption, supermacroporous cryogel disks were synthesized via free radical polymerization. In this study, we have prepared two kinds of cryogel disks: (i) poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐N‐methacryloyl‐l ‐tryptophan) [p(HEMA‐MATrp)] cryogel containing specific hydrophobic ligand MATrp; and (ii) monosize p(HEMA‐MATrp) particles synthesized via suspension polymerization embedded into p(HEMA) cryogel structure to obtain p(HEMA‐MATrp)/p(HEMA) composite cryogel disks. These cryogel disks containing hydrophobic functional group were characterized via swelling studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, surface area measurements and scanning electron microscopy. DNA adsorption onto both p(HEMA‐MATrp) cryogel and p(HEMA‐MATrp)/p(HEMA) composite cryogels was investigated. Maximum adsorption of DNA on p(HEMA‐MATrp) cryogel was found to be 15 mg/g polymer. Otherwise, p(HEMA‐MATrp)/p(HEMA) composite cryogels significantly increased the DNA adsorption capacity to 38 mg/g polymer. Composite cryogels could be used repeatedly without significant loss on adsorption capacity after 10 repetitive adsorption–desorption cycles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.