Deep Transfer Network with Multi-Space Dynamic Distribution Adaptation for Bearing Fault Diagnosis

Domain adaptation-based bearing fault diagnosis methods have recently received high attention. However, the extracted features in these methods fail to adequately represent fault information due to the versatility of the work scenario. Moreover, most existing adaptive methods attempt to align the feature space of domains by calculating the sum of marginal distribution distance and conditional distribution distance, without considering variable cross-domain diagnostic scenarios that provide significant cues for fault diagnosis. To address the above problems, we propose a deep convolutional multi-space dynamic distribution adaptation (DCMSDA) model, which consists of two core components: two feature extraction modules and a dynamic distribution adaptation module. Technically, a multi-space structure is proposed in the feature extraction module to fully extract fault features of the marginal distribution and conditional distribution. In addition, the dynamic distribution adaptation module utilizes different metrics to capture distribution discrepancies, as well as an adaptive coefficient to dynamically measure the alignment proportion in complex cross-domain scenarios. This study compares our method with other advanced methods, in detail. The experimental results show that the proposed method has excellent diagnosis performance and generalization performance. Furthermore, the results further demonstrate the effectiveness of each transfer module proposed in our model.     

A Novel Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Few-Shot Transfer Learning across Different Datasets

At present, the success of most intelligent fault diagnosis methods is heavily dependent on large datasets of artificial simulation faults (ASF), which have not been widely used in practice because it is often costly to obtain a large number of samples in reality. Fortunately, various faults can be easily simulated in the laboratory, and these simulated faults contain a lot of fault diagnosis knowledge. In this study, based on a Siamese network framework, we propose a bearing fault diagnosis based on few-shot transfer learning across different datasets (cross-machine), using the knowledge of ASF to diagnose bearings with natural faults (NF). First of all, the model obtains a good feature encoder in the source domain, then defines a fault support set for comparison, and finally adjusts the support set with a very small number of target domain samples to improve the fault diagnosis performance of the model. We carried out experimental verification from many aspects on the ASF and NF datasets provided by Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and Paderborn University (PU). The results show that the proposed method can fully learn diagnostic knowledge in different ASF datasets and sample numbers, and effectively use this knowledge to accurately identify the health state of the NF bearing, which has strong generalization and robustness. Our method does not need second training, which may be more convenient in some practical applications. Finally, we also discuss the possible limitations of this method.     

Gear Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Multi-Sensor Information Fusion and VGG

The gearbox is an important component in the mechanical transmission system and plays a key role in aerospace, wind power and other fields. Gear failure is one of the main causes of gearbox failure, and therefore it is very important to accurately diagnose the type of gear failure under different operating conditions. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to effectively identify the fault types of gears using traditional methods under complex and changeable working conditions, a fault diagnosis method based on multi-sensor information fusion and Visual Geometry Group (VGG) is proposed. First, the power spectral density is calculated with the raw frequency domain signal collected by multiple sensors before being transformed into a power spectral density energy map after information fusion. Second, the obtained energy map is combined with VGG to obtain the fault diagnosis model of the gear. Finally, two datasets are used to verify the effectiveness and generalization ability of the method. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method can reach 100% at most on both datasets.     

Improved Variational Mode Decomposition and CNN for Intelligent Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis

This paper proposes an intelligent diagnosis method for rotating machinery faults based on improved variational mode decomposition (IVMD) and CNN to process the rotating machinery non-stationary signal. Firstly, to solve the problem of time-domain feature extraction for fault diagnosis, this paper proposes an improved variational mode decomposition method with automatic optimization of the number of modes. This method overcomes the problems of the traditional VMD method, in that each parameter is set by experience and is greatly influenced by subjective experience. Secondly, the decomposed signal components are analyzed by correlation, and then high correlated components with the original signal are selected to reconstruct the original signal. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is employed to extract the two-dimensional time–frequency domain feature map of the fault signal. Finally, the deep learning method is used to construct a convolutional neural network. After feature extraction, the two-dimensional time-frequency image is applied to the neural network to identify fault features. Experiments verify that the proposed method can adapt to rotating machinery faults in complex environments and has a high recognition rate.     

地震动力: 由巨观到微观——1999年台湾集集地震

决定地震发生时的断层破裂能量和了解一个断层带的孕育与发展都需要地震和地质数据的结合.在一个大地震的发生过程中,藉由地震仪的记录分析,了解地震断层破裂过程中其断层的几何破裂行为及其机制,甚至分析其运动学上的灾害行为.在地震源分析中文章作者将以上行为分析称为地震的巨观分析.而地震的微观分析,则是以探讨当地震断层及破裂前缘持续向前前进时,其所需的破碎能量及其形成的极小颗粒之断层泥的物理化学机制.此断层滑移带中的断层泥之物理机制、化学组成及地震断层滑移带厚度,皆为了解地震滑移时摩擦行为及能量释放的重要参数.地震的巨观及微观行为的结合分析,为地震学上重要的突破,使人们得以进一步了解地震破裂过程中的摩擦行为、温度及压力的变化,并探讨地震时造成的地表位移、速度及加速度行为.但断层滑移带的断层泥并不易获得,除非有清楚的深部断层几何,并能以深钻的方式取得断层泥材料进行分析.1999年7.6级的台湾集集大地震产生地表或近地表8—12m的滑移,此近地表的滑移是钻井容易达成的,因此提供一次难得的机会,得出大地震滑移带的断层泥了解大滑移断层的动力机制.而2008年四川汶川地震为另一了解此巨观与微观机制的地震.     

基于模糊产生式规则的企业供电网谐振故障诊断研究与仿真

针对大型企业供配电网随机谐振故障问题进行分析研究。建立了某企业供电网铁磁谐振非线性框图模型,仿真表明系统会产生铁磁谐振。由于谐振表现形式具有一定的模糊性,引入模糊方法,建立了故障征兆的模糊隶属度函数。提出了一种故障诊断的模糊表达式,及基于模糊产生式规则的故障     

Performance of Bearing Ball Defect Classification Based on the Fusion of Selected Statistical Features

Among the existing bearing faults, ball ones are known to be the most difficult to detect and classify. In this work, we propose a diagnosis methodology for these incipient faults’ classification using time series of vibration signals and their decomposition. Firstly, the vibration signals were decomposed using empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Time series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) were then obtained. Through analysing the energy content and the components’ sensitivity to the operating point variation, only the most relevant IMFs were retained. Secondly, a statistical analysis based on statistical moments and the Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) was computed allowing the extraction of the most relevant and sensitive features for the fault information. Thirdly, these features were used as inputs for the statistical clustering techniques to perform the classification. In the framework of this paper, the efficiency of several family of techniques were investigated and compared including linear, kernel-based nonlinear, systematic deterministic tree-based, and probabilistic techniques. The methodology’s performance was evaluated through the training accuracy rate (TrA), testing accuracy rate (TsA), training time (Trt) and testing time (Tst). The diagnosis methodology has been applied to the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) dataset. Using our proposed method, the initial EMD decomposition into eighteen IMFs was reduced to four and the most relevant features identified via the IMFs’ variance and the KLD were extracted. Classification results showed that the linear classifiers were inefficient, and that kernel or data-mining classifiers achieved 100% classification rates through the feature fusion. For comparison purposes, our proposed method demonstrated a certain superiority over the multiscale permutation entropy. Finally, the results also showed that the training and testing times for all the classifiers were lower than 2 s, and 0.2 s, respectively, and thus compatible with real-time applications.     

Charge transfer instability in a mixed Ir/Rh honeycomb lattice in Li2Ir1−xRhxO3 solid solution

The solid solution series Li₂Ir_1-xRh_xO₃ is synthesized for several values of x between 0 and 1. The compounds possess a monoclinic layered structure (space group C2/m) throughout the solid solution range with the lattice constants following Vegard's relationship. Magnetization and resistivity data below room temperature are presented. The effective magnetic moment (μ_eff) is reduced below the value obtained by interpolating between the end-members, presumably due to nearest neighbor charge exchange leading to non-magnetic Ir⁵⁺/Rh³⁺ pairs. Surprisingly, the degree of reduction of μ_eff cannot be explained by a random mixture of Ir and Rh and, in particular, is strongly asymmetric around x = 0.5. This anomalous moment reduction possibly results from the difference in on-site Coulomb repulsion between Ir and Rh ions.     

一种高可靠捷联惯性测量单元布局

冗余传感器惯性测量单元通过传感器余度配置能够有效提高惯导系统的可靠性,同时对运动的重复测量为降低传感器测量误差和提高导航性能提供了必要条件。一种新型9传感器惯性测量单元,在实现9传感器最佳导航性能布局的同时,保障了每个方向的平动或者转动均可同时由5个传感器进行测量,使其可靠性等同于6套并行工作的单轴独立惯导系统。利用GLT(Generalized LikelihoodTest)方法和Monte Carlo模拟完成了该惯性测量单元故障检测、隔离性能研究。分析结果表明,该惯性测量单元的平均无故障时间为正十二面体6传感器惯性测量单元的1.4倍,为三轴正交配置惯性测量单元的3.8倍,传感器测量随机误差造成的影响分别降低13%和40%。因此,该布局特别适合于对长使用寿命、高安全性、高可用性有严格要求的应用领域。     

联邦滤波理论在组合导航系统设计中的应用

为了解决导航信息大量冗余情况下组合导航系统计算量过大及故障数据互相污染的问题，本文探讨了具有容错结构的无复位联邦滤波器的设计方法，包括公共参考系统的选定及信息的合理分配原则，并对集中滤波器和联邦滤波器作了对比仿真计算。仿真结果表明：融合周期为滤波周期的１０倍时，联邦滤波精度与集中滤波精度几乎相同。