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81.
A novel hyperbranched polyester acrylate (HPEA) was synthesized based upon ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid as a “core” molecule, 5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid as an AB2 monomer, and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate as an endcapping reagent. The obtained oligomer has an unsaturation concentration of 4.10 mmolC?C g?1 measured by nuclear magnetic resonance and a wide molecular weight distribution of 1.64 measured by gel permeation chromatography. The two‐photon absorption (TPA) photopolymerization of HPEA under the exposure of a Ti : sapphire femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 800 nm was investigated through laser exposure dose‐dependant spatial resolutions of its resins. The TPA photopolymerization thresholds at the range 1.6–4.3 × 107 mJ cm?2, and exposure dose windows at the range 3.4–4.3 for three formulations were determined. A spatial resolution of 0.85 μm was obtained through the TPA photopolymerization of the formulation containing 1 wt% photoinitiator and 0.3 wt% photoinhibitor. A diffraction grating and real three‐dimensional coupled gear wheel created by TPA photopolymerization were described to demonstrate the unique capability of HPEA in microfabrications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
82.
合成了导电性TCNQ盐Cu(pn)2(TCNQ)n(n=2和3,pn=1,2-丙二胺,TCNQ=7,7,8,8-四氰基对苯二醌二甲烷)。红外光谱、电子光谱和X-光电子能谱研究表明TCNQ盐中存在TCNQ°和TCNQ-,TCNQ°与TCNQ-之间发生了部分电子转移,致使铜呈混合价态。它们的粉末室温电导率为1.1×10-5~2.4×10-6ohm-1cm-1。 相似文献
83.
Othman A. Farghaly 《Microchemical Journal》2003,75(2):119-131
Tap water samples (Assiut city, lie in the middle north of upper Egypt, approx. 370 km from Cairo, January-March, 2002) were taken from the eight sampling sites of different locations at Assiut city. The samples are analyzed to determine the total content of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) while nickel and cobalt are determined by a new simple differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV), using dimethylglyoxime (DMG) as the complexing agent. This method uses sodium sulfite as the supporting electrolyte, which facilitates the removal of oxygen interference without the traditional necessity of purging with inert gas. The effect of various parameters was studied using DPASV (for Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) and AdSV (for Ni and Co) methods. Subsequently, under the so found experimental conditions, the stability of calibration curves and the detection limits (μg/l) have been determined. The data achieved (for all metals utility) are comparable to those measured by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric (GF-AAS) method. The effects of the interferences between these metal ions have been investigated. Moreover, the effect of storage was discussed and the obtained results were compared favorably with standard official methods. Statistical analysis of the database exhibits applicability and the accuracy of the techniques. The results obtained from the two techniques (Voltammetry and GF-AAS) are in very good agreements in the most tap water samples. 相似文献
84.
rico Marlon de Moraes Flores Ana Paula Fleig Saidelles Eder Lisandro de Moraes Flores Mrcia Foster Mesko Mrcio Pozzobon Pedroso Valderi Luiz Dressler Celso Figueiredo Bittencourt Adilson Ben da Costa 《Microchemical Journal》2004,77(2):113-118
An alternative device for the direct solid analysis (DSA) for copper determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is proposed. Copper was directly determined in commercial medicinal plants used as dietary supplements. The determination of copper in solid samples by DSA–FAAS was made by using a conventional air–acetylene flame. Between 0.05 and 1.5 mg of each test, sample was weighed directly into a small polyethylene vial connected to the device used for solid introduction into the flame. Test samples were introduced into the flame as a dry aerosol using a T-quartz cell set between the burner and the optical path. The T-quartz cell has a slit in the superior part by which the solid aerosol passes to the flame. A transient signal, evaluated as integrated absorbance, is produced and it is totally integrated in 2 s. Background signals always presented absorbance values less than 0.1. It was found a characteristic mass of 0.8 ng Cu and absolute limit of detection of 1.2 ng (3 s), or 1.2 μg g−1 if a sample mass of 1 mg was used. Optimized conditions for air flow rate, flame stoichiometry, and so on were established as well. No excessive grinding of the samples was needed and samples with particle of size less than 80 μm were used throughout. No statistical difference between the results from the proposed system and those obtained by sample digestion and determination by conventional FAAS was observed. With the proposed procedure, more than 50 test samples can be analyzed in 1 h and it can be easily adapted to conventional spectrometers for FAAS. 相似文献
85.
血清必需元素测定中样品预处理方法的探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对血清必需元素测定的样品预处理方法进行了研究,用火焰原子吸收法测定了经不同处理的血清样品中的锌,铜,铁,钙,镁含量,结果显示,预处理方法不同,其测定结果有较大差异,变异系数,镁为7.94%,锌,铜,铁,钙在15.19%~53.53%之间,并对各样品作了精密度和准确度实验。 相似文献
86.
Single crystals of U3+:LaBr3 were grown by the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique. High-resolution polarized absorption spectra of the crystals were recorded at 4.2 K in the 4000-50,000 cm−1 range. Sixty-four experimental crystal-field energy levels of the U3+ ion were fitted to a semiempirical Hamiltonian employing free-ion, one-electron crystal-field as well as two-particle correlation crystal-field (CCF) operators with an r.m.s. deviation of 28 cm−1. The performed analysis of the spectra enabled the determination of crystal-field parameters and assignment of the observed 5f3→5f3 transitions. The effects of selected CCF operators on the splitting of some specific U3+ multiplets have been investigated and the obtained values of Hamiltonian parameters are discussed and compared with those reported in previous analyses. 相似文献
87.
A new chemical method is reported for the determination of total fluoride in complex liquids and suspensions, such as fruit juices, urine, serum and blood. It is based on the formation of the A1F radical in a graphite furnace afterin situ oxygen-assisted ashing of the untreated sample. The absorbance of this radical is measured at 227.45 nm. The method is relatively easy to use and provides a low detection limit (14 ng/ml) and reasonable reproducibility (5–10%). 相似文献
88.
M. P. Carril M. Soledad Corbillón J. Manuel Madariaga 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1997,2(6):301-308
The development of an analytical method for the determination of some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Co, Zn and Ni) in fluoride compounds
[Cu(BF4)2, Sn(BF4)2, Pb(BF4)2 and HBF4] by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy is described. This method is to be used as a routine analytical method in an industrial
quality control laboratory. To this end the "performance characteristics" of an instrumental analytical method such as matrix
effects, sensitivity, linearity, detection and quantitation limits, precision and accuracy were evaluated for every system
under study. The results of these investigations showed that non-spectral interferences (due to the presence of large concentrations
of major metals such as Cu, Sn and Pb) were observed. Nevertheless it was possible to define a matrix concentration interval
where matrix effects were not statistically significant, and therefore a direct calibration approach could be used as the
calibration tool whenever the major metal concentration was not higher than 40×10–3 kg l–1. A guide to the developement of an analytical method for trace metal determination is provided. General tools for quality
control have been used in order to show how an analytical method can be tested daily and evaluated in a convenient manner.
Received: 29 January 1997 Accepted: 11 March 1997 相似文献
89.
B. Pateyron M. F. Elchinger G. Delluc P. Fauchais 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》1996,16(1):39-57
In most cases the energy dissipated in plasma jets used either,for heating or spraying is varied by changing the are current, the total gas floc+rate, and composition. However, when doing so, conditions are reached where the plasma jet may become supersonic. To predict such conditions or to characterize supersonic plasma jets the knowledge of the sound velocitya is mandatory The goal of this paper is to calculatea versus plasma forming gas composition, temperature, and pressure. Rigorous calculation would imply the knowledge of the chemical reaction kinetics, sound velocity depending strongly on this. Unfortunately such kinetics are generally lolknown for plasma jet floras and the only possibility is to determine the equilibrium sound velocitya calculated through the isentropic coefficient T. This coefficient has been calculated taking into account the dissociation and ionization reactions at equilibrium for temperatures ranging from 300 to 25,000 K and pressures between 0.1 and 1 Mpa for Ar, H2, He, Ar-He, Ar-H2, O2, N2, air, .steam, and methane.a often called the frozen sound velocity, was also calculated using (ratio of specific heats) instead of . 相似文献
90.
T. Saraidarov R. Reisfeld A. Sashchiuk E. Lifshitz 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2003,26(1-3):533-540
PbS nanocrystals (NCs) ranging between 4–8 nm were incorporated into Zirconium-Silica-Urethane (ZSUR) matrix obtained by the sol-gel method. The sizes of the particles were controlled by temperature treatment and by concentration of PbS in ZSUR matrix. The sizes of PbS NCs were determined by TEM measurements. The quantum size effect could also be extracted from optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The new matrix allows incorporation of up to 40% PbS forming a characteristic structure of dendrite by reacting lead acetate with ammonium thiocyanate in sol-gel matrix. The sol precursors of the matrix for Zirconium-Silica-Urethane contained zirconium oxide (ZrO2) matrix solution, tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), 3-glycid oxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GLYMO) and polyethylene urethane silane (PEUS) synthesized separately. The ZrO2 matrix solution was obtained from zirconium n-tetrapropoxide in propanol and acetic acid was used as a chelating agent to stabilize the zirconium oxide precursor. 相似文献