Ensemble phase averaged equations for multiphase flows in porous media. Part 2: A general theory

Most models for multiphase flows in a porous medium are based on a straightforward extension of Darcy’s law, in which each fluid phase is driven by its own pressure gradient. The pressure difference between the phases is thought to be an effect of surface tension and is called capillary pressure. Independent of Darcy’s law, for liquid imbibition processes in a porous material, diffusion models are sometime used. In this paper, an ensemble phase averaging technique for continuous multiphase flows is applied to derive averaged equations and to examine the validity of the commonly used models. Closure for the averaged equations is quite complicated for general multiphase flows in a porous material. For flows with a small ratio of the characteristic length of the phase interfaces to the macroscopic length, the closure relations can be simplified significantly by an approximation with a second order error in this length ratio. This approximation reveals the information of the length scale separation obscured during an averaging process and leads to an equation system similar to Darcy’s law, but with additional terms. Based on interactions on phase interfaces, relations among closure quantities are studied.     

基于信号分解降低OFDM信号峰均比的优化建模

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统时域信号具有较高峰均比(PAR)的特点,提出一种新的减小PAR方法.首先经过削峰处理削去幅度大于阈值的信号,然后利用信号分解理论对OFDM削峰信号进行分解,从有用信号中分离出噪声,最后通过限定信号幅度阈值和频谱发射模板来建立误差向量幅度(EVM)优化模型.计算机仿真实验结果表明:新方法在性能上优于传统的非优化建模方法;且与已有的PAR减小优化模型相比,新方法在减小计算复杂度的同时还保持了与已有文献中提出的优化模型的性能.     

浙江省东阳市紫色土坡面土壤侵蚀和降雨因子关系的初步研究

紫色土分布区是我国南方水土流失区的重要组成部分。本文通过对东阳市紫色土坡面土壤侵蚀和降雨因子之间的相关分析,建立了利用降雨量和平均降雨强度对土壤流失量进行预测预报的回归方程,为紫色土地区土壤过度侵蚀的治理提供了定量方法,并为紫色土的综合开发利用提供了科学根据.     

价电子平均能级拓扑指数mW及其应用

受Randic分子连接性拓扑指数mX的启发,构建了价电子平均能级拓扑指数mW.用mW的0、1阶指数分别与16种碱金属卤化物的熔点m.p.、磁化率Xm、键长Bd、20种碱金属卤化物的生成焓△fHθm、离子水化能△hGθm、晶格能U1、20种碱土金属卤化物的晶格能U2、19种金属氧化物、硫化物和氟化物的晶格能U3、51种金属离子水合热△hHθm和80种离子标准生成热△fHθm关联,拟合的回归方程的相关系(指)数分别为0.950 8、-0.989 3、-0.995 6、0.986 0(0.986 4)、0.981 7(0.982 0)、0.996 5(0.996 9)、0.988 7(0.989 5)、0.994 9(0.995 4)、0.989 4和0.981 0,基本上满足优级或良级标准.预测取得较好的结果.     

Robust designs for models with possible bias and correlated errors

This paper studies the model-robust design problem for general models with an unknown bias or contamination and the correlated errors. The true response function is assumed to be from a reproducing kernel Hilbert space and the errors are fitted by the qth order moving average process MA（q）, especially the MA（1） errors and the MA（2） errors. In both situations, design criteria are derived in terms of the average expected quadratic loss for the least squares estimation by using a minimax method. A case is studied and the orthogonality of the criteria is proved for this special response. The robustness of the design criteria is discussed through several numerical examples.     

Quantum mechanics as the quadratic Taylor approximation of classical mechanics: The finite-dimensional case

We show that in contrast to a rather common opinion, quantum mechanics can be represented as an approximation of classical statistical mechanics. We consider an approximation based on the ordinary Taylor expansion of physical variables. The quantum contribution is given by the second-order term. To escape technical difficulties related to the infinite dimensionality of the phase space for quantum mechanics, we consider finite-dimensional quantum mechanics. On one hand, this is a simple example with high pedagogical value. On the other hand, quantum information operates in a finite-dimensional state space. Therefore, our investigation can be considered a construction of a classical statistical model for quantum information. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 152, No. 2, pp. 278–291, August, 2007.     

A class of stochastic differential equations with the time average

Stochastic diferential equations with the time average have received increasing attentions in recent years since they can ofer better explanations for some fnancial models.Since the time average is involved in this class of stochastic diferential equations,in this paper,the linear growth condition and the Lipschitz condition are diferent from the classical conditions.Under the special linear growth condition and the special Lipschitz condition,this paper establishes the existence and uniqueness of the solution.By using the Lyapunov function,this paper also establishes the existence and uniqueness under the local Lipschitz condition and gives the p-th moment estimate.Finally,a scalar example is given to illustrate the applications of our results.     

Effects of Dzyaloshinski--Moriya interaction and intrinsic decoherence on teleportation via a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ model

Quantum teleportation via the entangled channel composed of a two-qubit Heisenberg XY Z model with Dzyaloshinski-Moriya (DM) interaction in the presence of intrinsic decoherence has been investigated. We find that the initial state of the channel plays an important role in the teleported state and the average fidelity of teleportation. When the initial channel is in the state |ψ 1 (0) = a|00 + b|11 , the average fidelity is equal to 1/3 constantly, which is independent of the DM interaction and the intrinsic decoherence effect. But when the channel is initially in the state |ψ 2 (0) = c|01 + d|10 , the average fidelity is always larger than 2/3. Moreover, under a certain condition, the average fidelity can be enhanced by adjusting the DM interaction, and the intrinsic decoherence leads to a suppression of the fluctuation of the average fidelity.     

On the relevance of alternatives in bargaining: generalized average pay-off solutions

We generalize the average pay-off solution proposed by Anbarci (Can J Econ 28:675–682, 1995), which depends on all the alternatives, and show that the Nash and Kalai–Smorodinsky solutions are limits of generalized average pay-off solutions. We formalize the notion of relevant alternatives and compare solutions in terms of the relevance of alternatives. I am much indebted to Roberto Serrano for his guidance and many discussions, and William Thomson for his numerous detailed suggestions for improvements. I thank Youngsub Chun, Michael Maschler, Yeneng Sun, Rajiv Vohra, Oscar Volij, Myrna Wooders, an associate editor, anonymous referees, and seminar participants at Brown University, the National University of Singapore, and the 2003 North American Summer Meetings of the Econometric Society for valuable comments. I gratefully acknowledge research support from Brown University through an Eccleston Fellowship award.     

A spectral technique for random satisfiable 3CNF formulas

Let I be a random 3CNF formula generated by choosing a truth assignment ? for variables x₁, x_n uniformly at random and including every clause with i literals set true by ? with probability p_i, independently. We show that for any constants 0 ≤ η₂,η₃ ≤ 1 there is a constant d_min so that for all d ≥ d_min a spectral algorithm similar to the graph coloring algorithm of Alon and Kahale will find a satisfying assignment with high probability for p₁ = d/n², p₂ = η₂d/n², and p₃ = η₃d/n². Appropriately setting the η_i's yields natural distributions on satisfiable 3CNFs, not‐all‐equal‐sat 3CNFs, and exactly‐one‐sat 3CNFs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2008