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181.
Chris A. Kieslich 《Journal of Non》2011,357(2):707-716
Electrostatically-driven association of proteins is important to many biological functions, and understanding which amino acid residues contribute to these interactions is crucial to protein design. Theoretical calculations that are used to elucidate the role of electrostatics in association are typically based on a single experimentally determined protein structure, while an underlying rigid-body assumption is adopted. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of conformational fluctuations on electrostatic interaction energies, as applied to the electrostatic analysis of barnase-barstar. For our calculations, we apply theoretical alanine-scan mutagenesis to introduce charge perturbations by replacing every ionizable residue with alanine, one at a time. Electrostatic clustering and free energy calculations based on the Poisson-Boltzmann method are used to evaluate the effects of each perturbation. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed for the barnase-barstar parent complex and seven experimental alanine mutations from the literature, in order to introduce relaxation before and after mutation. We discuss the effects of dynamics, in the form of pre- and post-mutation relaxation, on electrostatic clustering and free energies of association in light of experimental data. We also examine the utility of nine electrostatic similarity methods for clustering of barnase alanine-scan mutants. Our calculations suggest that the rigid-body assumption is reasonable for electrostatic calculations of barnase-barstar. 相似文献
182.
Energy average formula of photon gas rederived by using the generalised Hermann-Feynman theorem 下载免费PDF全文
By virtue of the generalised Hermann-Feynmam theorem we re-derive the energy average formula of photon gas. This is another useful application of the theorem. 相似文献
183.
Improper choosability of planar graphs has been widely studied. In particular, ?krekovski investigated the smallest integer gk such that every planar graph of girth at least gk is k‐improper 2‐choosable. He proved [9] that 6 ≤ g1 ≤ 9; 5 ≤ g2 ≤ 7; 5 ≤ g3 ≤ 6; and ? k ≥ 4, gk = 5. In this article, we study the greatest real M(k, l) such that every graph of maximum average degree less than M(k, l) is k‐improper l‐choosable. We prove that if l ≥ 2 then . As a corollary, we deduce that g1 ≤ 8 and g2 ≤ 6, and we obtain new results for graphs of higher genus. We also provide an upper bound for M(k, l). This implies that for any fixed l, . © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 52: 181–199, 2006 相似文献
184.
One of the characteristics of the “Matter Bounce” scenario, an alternative to cosmological inflation for producing a scale-invariant spectrum of primordial adiabatic fluctuations on large scales, is a break in the power spectrum at a characteristic scale, below which the spectral index changes from ns=1 to ns=3. We study the constraints which current cosmological data place on the location of such a break, and more generally on the position of the break and the slope at length scales smaller than the break. The observational data we use include the WMAP five-year data set (WMAP5), other CMB data from BOOMERanG, CBI, VSA, and ACBAR, large-scale structure data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS, their luminous red galaxies sample), Type Ia Supernovae data (the “Union” compilation), and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Lyman-α forest power spectrum (Lyα) data. We employ the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to constrain the features in the primordial power spectrum which are motivated by the matter bounce model. We give an upper limit on the length scale where the break in the spectrum occurs. 相似文献
185.
We propose a simple scenario which explains why our Universe appears spatially flat, homogeneous and isotropic. We use the Einstein–Cartan–Kibble–Sciama (ECKS) theory of gravity which naturally extends general relativity to include the spin of matter. The torsion of spacetime generates gravitational repulsion in the early Universe filled with quarks and leptons, preventing the cosmological singularity: the Universe expands from a state of minimum but finite radius. We show that the dynamics of the closed Universe immediately after this state naturally solves the flatness and horizon problems in cosmology because of an extremely small and negative torsion density parameter, ΩS≈−10−69. Thus the ECKS gravity provides a compelling alternative to speculative mechanisms of standard cosmic inflation. This scenario also suggests that the contraction of our Universe preceding the bounce at the minimum radius may correspond to the dynamics of matter inside a collapsing black hole existing in another universe, which could explain the origin of the Big Bang. 相似文献
186.
187.
给出二重非齐次马氏链的强遍历性,绝对平均强遍历性,Cesaro平均收敛的概念.利用二维马氏链的遍历性和C-K方程,建立了二维马氏链与二重非齐次马氏链遍历性的关系.并讨论了齐次二重马氏链绝对平均强遍历与强遍历的等价性.最后给出Cesaro平均收敛在马氏决策过程和信息论中应用. 相似文献
188.
The article concerns the average onesided widths of the Sobolev and Besov classes and the classes of functions with bounded moduli of smoothness. The weak asymptotic results are obtained for the corresponding quantities. 相似文献
189.
Abstract We investigate the extension of binning methodology to fast computation of several auxiliary quantities that arise in local polynomial smoothing. Examples include degrees of freedom measures, cross-validation functions, variance estimates, and exact measures of error. It is shown that the computational effort required for such approximations is of the same order of magnitude as that required for a binned local polynomial smooth. 相似文献
190.
For a sequence of arbitrarily dependent m-valued random variables (Xn) n∈N , the generalized strong limit theorem of the delayed average is investigated. In our proof, we improved the method proposed by Liu [6] . As an application, we also studied some limit properties of delayed average for inhomogeneous Markov chains. 相似文献