磷酸酯阻燃剂HDP的合成工艺及其在ABS中的阻燃作用

采用新工艺路线合成高熔点磷酸酯阻燃剂———对苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸酯)(HDP).首先采用对苯二酚和三氯氧磷合成中间产物,再将中间产物与苯酚反应,经分离纯化得到产品HDP,收率达到90%以上,常温下为白色固体.采用傅里叶红外光谱、氢谱、磷谱和质谱测试确定了其结构.同时,研究了HDP的阻燃性,并与间苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸酯)(RDP)进行了比较,研究发现当HDP和RDP分别与成炭剂酚醛树脂(NP)按20/10比例添加到丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂中,增强了复合材料凝聚相阻燃作用,极限氧指数(LOI)有所提高.通过热重及锥形量热分析两种复合材料以及各种组分的热降解过程,阻燃剂的添加对ABS树脂的热稳定性和残炭量明显提高,而且ABS/HDP/NP复合材料的抑烟性更好;同时采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能量色散谱(EDS),发现ABS/HDP/NP复合材料燃烧后成炭空隙均匀,其残炭中磷分布比ABS/RDP/NP复合材料残炭中的磷分布更加均匀.研究表明,HDP与NP互配添加到ABS中,在凝聚相阻燃作用优于RDP.     

A mild synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using a deep eutectic solvent

Deep eutectic solvents (such as the combination of urea and choline chloride) are effective solvents/organocatalysts for the condensation of indole and aryl or alkenyl aldehydes to form bis(indolyl)methanes. The reaction conditions are quite mild and do not require additional Bronsted or Lewis acid catalyst, though they fail with ketones or aliphatic aldehydes. Given the inexpensive, non-toxic, and recyclable nature of the DES, these reaction conditions are simple and highly environmentally friendly.     

纳米白藜芦醇脂质体的物理化学稳定性研究

纳米载药脂质体的物理化学稳定性,是其实际应用中的关键问题。文章采用薄膜旋转蒸发法-超声法制备了白藜芦醇纳米脂质体（RES-Lip）,采用透射电子显微镜观察其微观形貌,并考察RES-Lip的物理化学稳定性。通过电导法测定了RES-Lip的相变温度（Tm）,及其在凝聚过程的凝聚速率常数（Kco）和表观活化能（Eco）;采用动态透析-紫外分光光度法,研究了温度和pH对RES-Lip降解的影响。结果表明,RES-Lip为球形囊泡结构,粒径小于100 nm;RES-Lip的相变温度为64℃;凝聚速率常数Kco随体系温度升高而升高;表观活化能Eco为86.056 kJ/mol;RES-Lip的降解符合一级动力学模型,降解的表观活化能Ea为59.3157 kJ/mol,降解过程是吸热、自发、熵增过程。本实验制备得到的RES-Lip在4℃、pH=7.40的条件下储存,稳定性较好。     

Exciton-polaritons in lattices: A non-linear photonic simulator

Microcavity polaritons are mixed light–matter quasiparticles with extraordinary nonlinear properties, which can be easily accessed in photoluminescence experiments. Thanks to the possibility of designing the potential landscape of polaritons, this system provides a versatile photonic platform to emulate 1D and 2D Hamiltonians. Polaritons allow transposing to the photonic world some of the properties of electrons in solid-state systems, and to engineer Hamiltonians for photons with novel transport properties. Here we review some experimental implementations of polariton Hamiltonians using lattice geometries.     

谐振子势阱囚禁玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚

基于Thomas-Fermi半经典近似方法研究了谐振子势阱约束下任意维理想玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)．导出了玻色气体的BEC转变温度、基态粒子占据比例、内能和热容量等物理量的解析表达式,讨论了空间维度和谐振子势阱的影响．以二维和三维玻色系统为例,数值计算了上述热力学量,并与解析结果进行了对比,二者获得了较好的吻合．     

La2O3/γ-Al2O3在柠檬醛与丙酮缩合反应中的催化性能研究

用La2O3负载量不同的La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化柠檬醛和丙酮反应,采用GS/MS、LC/MS、13C NMR等方法鉴定反应产物,并研究了La2O3负载量对反应产物分布、La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构性质和酸碱性质的影响.得出以下结论:La2O3是以无定形态负载在γ-Al2O3上;随着La2O3负载量的增加,催化剂比表面积减少,孔径分布趋于均一.La2O3/γ-Al2O3表面增加的弱酸位点密度有利于柠檬醛转化率的提高,增加的中强碱位点密度有利于PSI产率提高;而强碱位点的形成和密度增加对柠檬醛自身缩合生成PCS有促进作用.催化剂循环使用性较好.     

Mass-imbalanced Bose-Einstein condensed mixtures in rotating perturbed trap

We consider the mass-imbalanced sensibility for the emergence of vortex patterns in the Bose-Einstein condensed binary mixture of rubidium-cesium (⁸⁵Rb-¹³³Cs), confined in quasi-two-dimensional harmonic traps, with one species linearly perturbed in one direction. Non-dipolar coupled species are chosen to highlight mass symmetry effects. We first analyze the condensed mixture in the unperturbed non-rotating regime, where radial phase separation is verified in the immiscible regime, which occurs for large ratio between inter- and intra-species repulsive interactions. By going to the linear perturbed regime, the radial phase separation that occurs in the immiscible condition splits up with the two densities having their maxima at distinct positions. In the rotating regime of both unperturbed and perturbed cases, the minimum rotation is determined in terms of the inter-species interaction to observe vortex structures. In the immiscible regime a dramatic spatial interchange between the species is verified by increasing the rotation.     

生长及耗散波色-爱因斯坦凝聚中的怪波

利用达布变换法(Darboux transformation),解析的研究了生长及耗散波色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)中的怪波.通过降维和无量纲化,将描述BEC的Gross-Pitaevskii (GP)方程转化成一维无量纲非线性薛定谔方程.利用达布变换,得到了一维非线性薛定谔方程的怪波解析解.根据解析结果,数值模拟了生长及耗散BEC中怪波的性质.结果表明,BEC中出现了一种典型的双洞怪波,并且BEC生长会延缓怪波的消失,而BEC的耗散会加速怪波的消失.     

Multiple bright and dark soliton solutions in three component spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

We investigate a quasi one dimensional spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) in the absence of an external confinement governed by a system of three coupled Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation. Based on the Lax-pair, we construct one soliton solution employing gauge transformation method. In addition, the multiple bright and dark soliton solutions are obtained by properly choosing amplitude dependent parameter in the Lax-pair. The results of the paper emphasizes the richness in the structure of soliton solutions admitted by the spin components, a phenomenon which has never been brought out to the fore. We have also extended the gauge transformation method to generate two soliton solutions.     

单层碳纳米管的化学修饰

单层碳纳米管 (SWNT)是 Iijima博士 [1]于 1 993年首次发现的 .它具有非常独特的物理和化学性质 ,因而成为近年来研究的热点问题 .随着单层碳纳米管的合成技术和纯化研究的不断完善 [2～ 5] ,关于它的研究方向开始转向化学反应和应用研究 .由于单层碳纳米管不溶于水或有机溶剂而限制了对其化学性质的研究 .单层碳纳米管的端头是由碳的五元环和六元环组成的半球形 .氧化作用可将该端头打开并转化为羧基 ,从而与其它的化学试剂发生反应 .Liu Jie等 [6] 用浓硫酸和浓硝酸的混合物氧化单层碳纳米管 ,将之裁剪成 1 50～ 80 0 nm的“短管”.在…