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51.
Subodh R Shenoy 《Pramana》2002,58(2):385-397
We obtain the dynamics in number and phase difference, for Bose condensates that tunnel between two wells of a double-well
atomic trap, using the (nonlinear) Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The dynamical equations are of the canonical form for the two
conjugate variables, and the Hamiltonian corresponds to that of a momentum-shortened pendulum, supporting a richer set of tunneling oscillation modes than for a superconductor Josephson junction, that has a
fixed-length pendulum as a mechanical model. Novel modes include ‘inverted pendulum’ oscillations with an average angle of
π; and oscillations about a self-maintained population imbalance that we term ‘macroscopic quantum self-trapping’. Other systems
with this phase-number nonlinear dynamics include two-component (interconverting) condensates in a single harmonic trap, and
He3B superfluids in two containers connected by micropores. 相似文献
52.
We consider the dynamics and formation of vortices from ring dark solitons in a two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with the Rashba spin–orbit coupling based on the time-dependent coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equation. Compared with previous results, the system exhibits complex dynamical behaviors in the presence of the spin–orbit coupling. With the modulation of the spin–orbit coupling, not only the lifetime of ring dark solitons is greatly prolonged, but also their attenuation kinetics is significantly affected. For two shallow ring dark solitons with the equal strength of the spin–orbit coupling, the radius of ring dark solitons increases to a maximum value over time and then shrinks into a minimum value. Due to the effect of the snake instability, ring dark solitons split into a series of ring-like clusters of vortex pairs, which perform complex oscillations. This indicates that the system is strongly dependent on the presence of the spin–orbit coupling. Furthermore, the effect of different initial modulation depths on the dynamics of ring dark solitons is investigated. 相似文献
53.
C. F. Liu Y. Tang 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2009,70(2):193-199
We provide a mixing model to explore the metastable state
and the macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) of binary mixtures. For , we first observe the two condensates form the
symmetry-breaking state (SBS) and then suddenly transfer to the
symmetry-preserving state (SPS) through the MQT. The SBS is shown to be the
metastable state in our system. We find the MQT does not spontaneously
arise. The inducement mechanism is the damping but not the excitations. The
damping mechanism can also control the lifetime and the tunneling decay rate
of the SBS. Finally, we further present the origin of these phenomena by
examining the energy of the system. 相似文献
54.
Analysis of the generation mechanism of the S-shaped J—V curves of MoS2/Si-based solar cells
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Amorphous-microcrystalline MoS$_{2}$ thin films are fabricated using the sol-gel method to produce MoS$_{2}$/Si-based solar cells. The generation mechanisms of the S-shaped current density-voltage ($J$-$V$) curves of the solar cells are analyzed. To improve the performance of the solar cells and address the problem of the S-shaped $J$-$V$ curve, a MoS$_{2}$ film and a p$^+$ layer are introduced into the front and back interfaces of the solar cell, respectively, which leads to the formation of a p-n junction between the p-Si and the MoS$_{2}$ film as well as ohmic contacts between the MoS$_{2}$ film and the ITO, improving the S-shaped $J$-$V$ curve. As a result of the high doping characteristics and the high work function of the p$^+$ layer, a high-low junction is formed between the p$^+$ and p layers along with ohmic contacts between the p$^+$ layer and the Ag electrode. Consequently, the S-shaped $J$-$V$ curve is eliminated, and a significantly higher current density is achieved at a high voltage. The device exhibits ideal p-n junction rectification characteristics and achieves a high power-conversion efficiency (CE) of 7.55%. The findings of this study may improve the application of MoS$_{2}$ thin films in silicon-based solar cells, which are expected to be widely used in various silicon-based electronic and optical devices. 相似文献
55.
《Physics and Chemistry of Liquids》2012,50(1-2):95-102
Abstract The equations of state (EOS) of four and five dimensional hyperspheres have been calculated using Leutheusser's ansatz. In five dimensions these, and the correlation functions, are compared with the results obtained from the analytic solution of the Percus—Yevick (PY) approximation. It is shown that the ansatz reproduces extremely well the PY results. However, in both approximations neither the virial, Zv , nor the compressibility, Zc , EOS reproduce well the available molecular dynamics (MD) results. Yet a linear combination of Zv and Zc , following the Carnahan—Starling EOS for hard spheres, are in excellent agreement with the MD results in four and five dimensions. 相似文献
56.
N.J. Popławski 《Annalen der Physik》2011,523(4):291-295
We present a simple and natural way to derive the observed small, positive cosmological constant from the gravitational interaction of condensing fermions. In the Riemann‐Cartan spacetime, torsion gives rise to the axial–axial vector four‐fermion interaction term in the Dirac Lagrangian for spinor fields. We show that this nonlinear term acts like a cosmological constant if these fields have a nonzero vacuum expectation value. For quark fields in QCD, such a torsion‐induced cosmological constant is positive and its energy scale is only about 8 times larger than the observed value. Adding leptons to this picture could lower this scale to the observed value. 相似文献
57.
58.
Josephson oscillation of a superfluid Fermi gas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. K. Adhikari 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2008,47(3):413-419
Using the complete numerical solution of a time-dependent
three-dimensional mean-field model we
study the Josephson oscillation of a superfluid Fermi gas (SFG) at zero temperature formed in a combined axially-symmetric
harmonic plus one-dimensional periodic optical-lattice (OL) potentials after displacing the harmonic trap along the axial
OL
axis. We study the dependence of Josephson frequency on the strength of the OL potential. The Josephson frequency decreases
with increasing strength as found in the experiment of Cataliotti et al. [Science 293, 843 (2001)] for a Bose-Einstein condensate and of the experiment of Pezzè et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 120401 (2004)] for an ideal Fermi gas. We demonstrate a
breakdown of Josephson oscillation in the SFG for a large displacement
of the harmonic trap. These features of Josephson oscillation of a SFG can be tested experimentally. 相似文献
59.
The dynamics of triple-well trapped Bose-Einstein condensates with atoms feeding and loss effects
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In this paper, we consider the macroscopic quantum tunnelling and self-trapping phenomena of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with three-body recombination losses and atoms feeding from thermal cloud in triple-well potential. Using the three-mode approximation, three coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations (GPEs), which describe the dynamics of the system, are obtained. The corresponding numerical results reveal some interesting characteristics of BECs for different scattering lengths. The self-trapping and quantum tunnelling both are found in zero-phase and :r-phase modes. Furthermore, we observe the quantum beating phenomenon and the resonance character during the self-trapping and quantum tunnelling. It is also shown that the initial phase has a significant effect on the dynamics of the system. 相似文献
60.
A. B. Bhattacherjee 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2008,46(3):499-506
We study the effect of a one dimensional optical superlattice on the superfluid properties (superfluid fraction, number squeezing,
dynamic structure factor) and the quasi-momentum distribution of the Mott-insulator. We show that due to the secondary lattice,
there is a decrease in the superfluid fraction and the number fluctuation. The dynamic structure factor which can be measured
by Bragg spectroscopy is also suppressed due to the addition of the secondary lattice. The visibility of the interference
pattern (the quasi-momentum distribution) of the Mott-insulator is found to decrease due to the presence of the secondary
lattice. Our results have important implications in atom interferometry and quantum computation in optical lattices. 相似文献