傅立时变换中红外光谱法用于非损伤性血糖测定的研究

本文首次使用中红外光纤对人体血糖进行了非损伤性测定，实验显示，人手指的中红外光谱１１２３ｃｍ－１谱带的相对强度与人的血糖浓度同步改变，表明葡萄糖特征谱带的相对强度确可作为人血糖值的一个数量指标。这给红外光纤在生物医学领域中的应用展示了光明的前景。     

用无火焰原子吸收光谱测定家兔注射顺氯氨铂前后血清、肝、肾、肺、心组织中Pt含量

用无火焰原子吸收光谱测定家兔从肝动脉注射顺氯氨铂前后的血药浓度及在体内分布情况。     

Separation of human fibrinopeptides by capillary zone electrophoresis

We describe a method for the simultaneous determination of the five fibrinopeptide forms derived from the thrombin-promoted activation of human fibrinogen by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The fibrinopeptide mixture was first desalted by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) step. The analysis was performed in reversed polarity in a highly cross-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated capillary with UV-light absorption detection at 200 nm. Several parameters including buffer concentration and pH, presence of an organic modifier, temperature, and applied voltage, have been tested. The best separations were obtained within 20 min, utilizing a 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer without organic modifier, in the narrow 6.1-6.2 pH range, at 25 degrees C, with an applied voltage of 20 kV. Quantitative analysis is made possible by the use of sheep fibrinopeptide A as an internal standard to correct for both extraction and injection errors.     

Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis

As a result of advances in protein chemistry it is now widely accepted that blood coagulation proceeds via a series of reaction steps of the nature of enzyme-substrate reactions catalyzed by phospholipids. This also applies to the compensatory process of fibrinolysis. The factors taking part in both mechanisms as well as the inhibitors regulating the equilibrium have been shown to be proteins, some of them with a high carbohydrate content. Modern diagnostic methods and therapy are based on this knowledge.     

HPLC with UV-VIS spectrophotometric detection for blood and tissue drug assays

Summary Experience in blood and tissue drug assays by means of HPLC with UV-VIS detection is reported. More than 20 drugs or their analogues, which belong to many different therapeutic classes, are analyzed with a limited number of columns and of eluents (isocratic mode). A simple device to warm a reverse-phase column has also been tested. The guidelines applied here will be of interest to people who want to simplify the analysis of a wide range of drugs.     

氢化物电热原子吸收法测定人血清硒

氢化物原子吸收法是原子吸收分光光度法的一个重要分支。笔者应用氢化物电热原子化装置测定血清的硒具有用血量少，成本低，方便简便，精度佳等优点，适合一般医院开展科研和临床测定，采用这种技术可减少试样的基体干扰，提高了分析灵敏度，而且具有良好的线性关系，其测定检出限为1.2μg/L,纯度变异系数为6.3%。     

Blood oxygen level-dependent and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: detecting differences in oxygen bioavailability and blood flow in transplanted kidneys

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful tool for examining kidney function, including organ blood flow and oxygen bioavailability. We have used contrast enhanced perfusion and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI to assess kidney transplants with normal function, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and acute rejection. BOLD and MR-perfusion imaging were performed on 17 subjects with recently transplanted kidneys. There was a significant difference between medullary R2? values in the group with acute rejection (R2?=16.2/s) compared to allografts with ATN (R2?=19.8/s; P=.047) and normal-functioning allografts (R2?=24.3/s;P=.0003). There was a significant difference between medullary perfusion measurements in the group with acute rejection (124.4±41.1 ml/100 g per minute) compared to those in patients with ATN (246.9±123.5 ml/100 g per minute; P=.02) and normal-functioning allografts (220.8±95.8 ml/100 g per minute; P=.02). This study highlights the utility of combining perfusion and BOLD MRI to assess renal function. We have demonstrated a decrease in medullary R2? (decrease deoxyhemoglobin) on BOLD MRI and a decrease in medullary blood flow by MR perfusion imaging in those allografts with acute rejection, which indicates an increase in medullary oxygen bioavailability in allografts with rejection, despite a decrease in blood flow.     

Blood flow evaluation in high-frequency, 40 MHz imaging: A comparative study of four vector velocity estimation methods

Ultrasonic imaging is often used to estimate blood flow velocity. Currently, estimates are carried out using Doppler-based techniques. However, there are a number of shortcomings such as the limited spatial resolution and the inability to estimate longitudinal flows. Thus, alternative methods have been proposed to overcome them. Difficulties are notably encountered with high-frequency imaging systems that use swept-scan techniques. In this article, we propose to compare four vector velocity estimation methods that are complementary to Doppler, focusing on 40 MHz, high-frequency imaging. The goal of this study is to evaluate which method could circumvent the limitations of Doppler methods for evaluation of microcirculation, in the vessels having diameter on the order of 1 mm. We used two region-based approaches, one decorrelation-based approach and one spatiotemporal approach. Each method has been applied to seven flow sequences with various orientations and mean velocities. Four sequences were simulated with a system approach based on a 3D set of moving scatterers. Three experimental sequences were carried out by injecting blood-mimicking fluid within a gelatin phantom and then acquiring images with Visualsonics, Vevo 660 system. From velocity estimates, several performance criteria such as the normalized mean error or the normalized mean standard deviation were defined to compare the performance of the four estimators. The results show that region-based methods are the most accurate exhibiting mean errors less than 10% and mean standard deviation less than 13%. However, region-based approaches are those that require the highest calculative cost compared to the decorrelation-based method, which is the fastest. Finally, the spatiotemporal approach appeared to be a trade-off in terms of computational complexity and accuracy of estimates. It provides estimates with errors less than 10% for mean velocity and the CPU time is approximately 17 s for a ROI of size 40 * 80 pixels.     

拉曼光谱对几种宝玉石矿物真伪的鉴定

借助拉曼光谱技术手段,对市场上购买的几种宝玉石进行鉴定。通过对它们的拉曼光谱的详细分析结合其表面显微图片,发现真货与赝品的谱图有明显差异,可以明显区分出玉石的真假。用拉曼光谱可以实现对宝玉石的真伪进行无损、准确、快速的鉴定。