Synthesis of new bipolar materials based on diphenylphosphine oxide and triphenylamine units: efficient host for deep-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

This paper reports the synthesis and physical properties of a series of bipolar host materials, using of a hole-transporting triphenylamine (TPA) monomer as a core incorporated with different numbers of diphenylphosphine oxide (PO) as electron-transporting moieties, 4-(diphenylphosphoryl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (DDPA), 4-(diphenylphosphoryl)-N-(4-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)-N-phenylaniline (DDPP), and tris(4-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)amine (TDPA), for solution-processed deep-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PhOLEDs). With the increasing numbers of PO units, the glass-transition temperature of those compounds rise gradually. Moreover, the newly synthesized compounds all possess high triplet energies, which can prevent back energy transfer between the host and dopant molecules, and are expected to serve as appropriate hosts for iridium(III) tris(3,5-difluoro-4-cyanophenyl)pyridinato-N,C′ (FCNIrpic). The solution-processed devices using DDPP and TDPA as the hosts for the phosphorescence emitter FCNIrpic showed the maximum luminance efficiencies of 9.7 and 6.6 cd A⁻¹, respectively. The efficiency of TDPA based device shows nearly three times higher than the value of commonly used host material 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) with the same structure, which is outstanding with respect to other works related to the solution-processed deep-blue PhOLEDs based on small-molecule hosts.     

镀银-石墨涂层316L不锈钢双极板的电化学性能测试及表征

316L不锈钢以其质轻,价廉,易加工成型以及良好的导电导热性能而成为极具潜力的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板材料,但其在电池运行环境中仍有一定缺陷.在阴极条件下不锈钢板易钝化,增加了与碳纸扩散层间的界面接触电阻;而在阳极条件下,则由于金属离子的溶解,污染了膜电极,引起催化剂中毒,从而降低电池输出功率,影响电池性能.本文采用喷涂技术在316L不锈钢表面制备导电石墨涂层,测得其与Toray060碳纸的接触电阻为80.6mΩ·cm2.如果在制备石墨涂层前预镀薄层银,则可使其接触电阻降至19.8mΩ·cm2.因此,本文利用Tafel曲线、恒电位氧化等电化学方法,对该镀银-石墨涂层316L不锈钢与原316L不锈钢和镀银316L不锈钢在模拟质子交换膜燃料电池阴、阳极工作环境条件下的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,镀银不锈钢和镀银-石墨涂层不锈钢较原不锈钢的腐蚀电位分别提高了0.49和0.35V,腐蚀电流密度下降1-2个数量级,维持在10-6-10-7A·cm-2.而镀薄银钢板则因为银层较薄存在微孔,使得部分不锈钢基体外露,形成腐蚀电池而更易于腐蚀.     

The Green's function of the Poisson equation on the non-concentric annular region

In this article the two-dimensional Poisson equation is considered in the region between two non-concentric circular cylinders. Upon introducing bipolar coordinates the corresponding Green's function is found in form of a simple and rapidly converging series which can be formally summarized as a closed-form. Based on this result we additionally provide the Green's function for the conducting cylinder which is oriented parallel to a ground plane as well as for the case of two conducting cylinders.     

Binaphthalene bridged bipolar transporting materials for blue electroluminescence: toward high EL efficiency via molecular tuning

Two isomeric bipolar transporting molecules containing arylamine and benzimidazole moieties linked by 1,1′-binaphthalene bridge have been synthesized and used for blue light-emitting diodes. The highly twisted binaphthalene bridge is beneficial for amorphous morphology, good solubility, high thermal stability and high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (Φ_PL). The charge transfer bands of these compounds exhibit interesting solvent-polarity dependent fluorescence properties. The physical properties of the compounds were tunable upon binding of the benzimidazole with binaphthalene group via C- (BINAPC) or N- (BINAPN) linkage. Three-layered blue-emitting OLEDs using BINAPC or BINAPN as the emitting layer, NPB as the hole transporting layer, and TPBI as the electron transporting layer as well as hole-blocking layer exhibit good performance. External quantum efficiencies of 2.49% with color coordinates of (0.15, 0.11) and 2.67% with color coordinates of (0.16, 0.16) were achieved for BINAPC and BINAPN, respectively.     

New universal bipolar host materials with fluorene as non-conjugated bridge for multi-color electrophosphorescent devices

Two novel bipolar hosts (CzFCN2 and CzDFCN) comprising a hole-transport carbazole donor and electron-transport cyano-substituted fluorene acceptor have been synthesized, and their thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical properties were characterized. The non-conjugated linkage between the carbazole donor and the cyano-substituted fluorene acceptor provides excellent thermal/morphological properties and high triplet energies (E_T=2.86 eV) for both CzFCN2 and CzDFCN. These bipolar hosts also exhibited reversible redox behavior, which makes them good candidates for the host material in efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (PhOLED) devices. Multi-color PhOLED devices incorporating CzFCN2 and CzDFCN as the universal host achieved maximum external quantum efficiencies (η_ext) as high as 10.7, 17.0, 17.2, and 17.6% for blue, green, yellow, and red devices, respectively. In addition, three-component white PhOLEDs (WOLEDs) based on CzFCN2 and CzDFCN as host materials exhibited high color stabilities with η_ext as high as 10.5 and 12.4% and power efficiencies (η_p) of 20.5 and 26.7 lm W⁻¹, respectively.     

InP/In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As/InP双异质结双极型晶体管的仿真与分析

运用Silvaco-TCAD软件构建了InP/In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As/InP双异质结双极型晶体管模型,研究了掺杂浓度、厚度以及温度对器件特性的影响.结果表明:双异质结双极型晶体管DHBT的开启电压能达到约0.4V,当浓度达到4×10^(19) cm^(-3)的时候,电流增益可以达到一个最佳状态,其峰值能达到约125左右,且浓度对截止频率以及最高振荡频率没有太大的影响;当增大基区厚度时,电流增益会减小,改变厚度能够使DHBT输出特性得以提升,并且提高基区电流的注入;双异质结双极型晶体管具有很好的温度稳定性.     

Chitosan solubilization by bipolar membrane electroacidification: Reduction of membrane fouling

Chitosan, a biopolymer obtained from chitin deacetylation, was solubilized by bipolar membrane electroacidification (BMEA). We showed earlier that limitation in solubilization process was mainly due to chitosan precipitation in the acidified compartment. If fouling can be reduced or prevented, BMEA could be an environmentally attractive method for chitosan solubilization. The purpose of the present work was to identify process conditions that could reduce chitosan fouling in BMEA. The factors studied were: the type of salt in the acidified compartment (NaCl or CH₃COONa); the type of electrolyte in the basified compartment (KCl or HCl); and the current density (4 or 20 mA/cm²). Chitosan fouling was successfully reduced by a combination of NaCl salt and HCl electrolyte, while 98% chitosan solubilization yield was achieved by operating at a current density of 4 mA/cm² with NaCl/KCl configuration with no apparent fouling. This work showed that water dissociation at the interface of the anionic membranes was the main factor responsible for chitosan precipitation.     

含有三苯胺-三唑双极性单元的橙红光阳离子型铱(Ⅲ)配合物的合成及在LEDs中的应用

以2-萘基吡啶(npy)为主配体, N,N-二苯基-4-[4-苯基-5-(吡啶-2-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基]苯胺(DPPTA)为辅助配体, 合成了含有三苯胺-三唑双极性结构单元的橙红光阳离子型有机铱(Ⅲ)配合物[(npy)₂Ir(DPPTA)]PF₆. 该配合物的热分解温度高达345 ℃, 从20 ℃升温到100 ℃时, 相对发光强度衰减28.0%, 发光颜色稳定. 其所含的双极性结构单元使其能有效地吸收GaN芯片的蓝光(λ_em,max=455 nm), 进而可被蓝光高效激发. 以GaN蓝光芯片作为激发光源, [(npy)₂Ir(DPPTA)]PF₆为下转换发光材料, 可以制得橙红光LEDs; 进一步与黄光材料Y₃Al₅O₁₂∶Ce³⁺(YAG:Ce³⁺)联用, 可以制得高效的中性白光和暖白光LEDs.     

A symmetric aqueous redox flow battery based on viologen derivative

Due to the diversity and feasibility of structural modification for organic molecules,organic-based redox flow batteries(ORFBs) have been widely investigated,especially in aqueous solution under neutral circumstance.In this work,a symmetric aqueous redox flow battery(SARFB) was rationally designed by employing a bipolar redox active molecule(N,N'-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium diiodide,MVI_2) as both cathode and anode materials and combining with an anion exchange membrane.For one MVI_2 flow battery,MV~(2+)/MV~(·+) and I~-/I_3~-serve as the redox couples of anode and cathode,respectively.The MVI_2 battery with a working voltage of 1.02 V exhibited a high voltage efficiency of 90.30% and energy efficiency of 89.44% after 450 cycles,and crossover problem was prohibited.The comparable conductivity of MVI_2 water solution enabled to construct a battery even without using supporting electrolyte.Besides,the bipolar character of MVI_2 battery with/without supporting electrolyte was investigated in the voltage range between-1.2 V and 1.2 V,showing excellent stable cycling stability during the polarity-reversal test.     

Electrical Behavior of the Insulator Class-E around Glass Transition: Experimental and Numerical Analyses

Currents flowing through semicrystalline polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film were measured over the temperature range 60°–100°C in electric fields from 24 × 10⁶ to 72 × 10⁶ V/m. A study of the influence of these external stresses on the electrical behavior of PET, at glass transition phase, permitted interpreting its response in terms of dipolar relaxation and movements of free charges. The simulation of the charging current around the glass transition temperature using a model consisting of the presence of bipolar carriers and one kind of permanent dipole with relaxation time τ allowed reproducing the experimental behavior. From this numerical calculation, space dependence of charge densities and field can be determined in order to explain the electrical behavior of current, which depends on parameters such as injection coefficient A _i , relaxation time τ, and mobility μ.