Triphenylamino or 9-phenyl carbazolyl-substituted pyrimidine-5-carbonitriles as bipolar emitters and hosts with triplet harvesting abilities

To obtain highly efficient organic semiconductors exhibiting fast emission decays, triplet-harvesting abilities and good bipolar charge-transporting properties for optoelectronic applications, compounds containing triphenylamine or 9-phenylcarbazole as donor moieties and pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile as electron-withdrawing unit were synthesised. Toluene solutions of the compounds demonstrated high photoluminescence quantum yields reaching 98%. As required for electroluminescent device applications, compound containing triphenylamino moiety showed high mobilities of both electrons and holes, which reached 4.4 × 10^?4 cm²/V × s and 7.3 × 10^?3 cm²/V × s, respectively at electric field of 3.6 × 10⁵ V/cm. This triplet-harvesting mechanism was confirmed by the theoretical and experimental studies including a femtosecond transient absorption pump?probe technique and time-resolved electroluminescence spectroscopy. Pure-blue and greenish-blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaching 7% and 6%, corresposndingly, were obtained using the newly synthesised compounds as emitters. The operation time (T50) of ca. 650 h were observed for blue OLED and of ca. 3800 h for greenish-blue OLED until reaching the half initial brightness (100 cd/m²). EQE of more than 20% and T50 exceeding 20,000 h were observed for electroluminescent devices based on emitter characterised by triplet?triplet annihilation and thermally activated delayed fluorescence which was utilised to test hosting properties of the differently donor-substituted pyrimidine-5-carbonitriles.     

Formic acid regeneration by electromembrane processes

Waters containing low amounts of sodium formate and sodium hydroxide were processed in order to regenerate formic acid. The treatment was performed in three steps: wastewaters neutralization, sodium formate concentration by conventional electrodialysis (ED), and sodium formate splitting into formic acid and sodium hydroxide by bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). A coupling of these processes was performed. ED was carried out with a current efficiency of 90% and sodium formate concentration up to 2 mol dm⁻³. BMED was performed in a three-compartment cell configuration. Formic acid solution up to 30% was obtained with current efficiency of 80% under a current density of 500 A m⁻². Diffusion of molecular formic acid explains the current efficiency loss. The current efficiency varies with acid concentration and current density. Diffusion is more important through the anion-exchange membrane than through the bipolar membrane (2.5-fold).

Depleted salt produced in BMED was recycled to the neutralisation step.     

Chopping-peaking开关形成高功率超宽带双极脉冲的实验研究

 设计研制了一种chopping-peaking组合开关型高功率双极脉冲形成装置，通过调节两个开关的导通时刻来得到不同形状的双极脉冲。理想情况下，形成的双极脉冲电压峰-峰值等于入射脉冲峰值电压的2倍，实验中入射脉冲峰值电压为205kV的单极脉冲，获得了最大峰-峰电压为360kV的双极脉冲，是入射脉冲峰值电压的1.76倍。双极脉冲的持续时间可以改变，最大值为单极脉冲的脉宽。入射脉冲上升时间越小，得到的双极脉冲峰-峰电压就越大。     

Orbital pairing form and gap topology of triplet superconductivity in UPt3

The orbital symmetry of the order parameter in UPt₃ is determined by evaluating transport coefficients. The result leads to an order parameter of either the non-unitary bipolar state: or the unitary planar state: where , or with the hexagonal unit vectors and . The d vector is rotatable in the plane spanned by and perpendicular to under weak applied c-axis field. Experiments are proposed to distinguish between these equally possible states.     

Water Dissociation Phenomena on a Bipolar Membrane──Current-voltage Curve in Relation with IonicTransport and Limiting Current Density

The water dissociation mechanism on a bipolar membrane under the electrical field was investigated and characterized in terms of ionic transport and limiting current density. It is considered that the depletion layer exists at the junction of a bipolar membrane, which is coincided with the viewpoint of the most literatures, but we also consider that the thickness and conductivity of this layer is not only related with the increase of the applied voltage but also with the limiting current density. Below the limiting current density, the thickness of the depletion layer keeps a constant and the conductivity decreases with the increase of the applied voltage; while above the limiting current density, the depletion thickness will increase with the increase of the applied voltage and the conductivity keeps a very low constant. Based on the data reported in the literatures and independent determinations, the limiting current density was calculated and the experimental curves Ⅰ-Ⅴ in the two directions were com     

非牛顿粘性不可压流方程的近似惯性流形

本文利用对非牛顿粘性不可压缩流方程对时间 t的解析性和长时间渐近性估计 ,具体构造了它的近似惯性流形 ,并得出收敛阶估计 .     

Ethanol splitting in bipolar membranes: Evidence from NMR analysis

Bipolar membranes were reported to split alcohol into alkoxide ions and H⁺; however, there is no direct evidence for ethanol splitting, i.e., the existence of ethoxide ions. This work uses ethanol for alcohol splitting test and ¹H NMR for the identification of ethoxide ions. According to the spectra analysis, the chemical shifts of proton H, δ 3.736–3.666 (q, 2H) and δ 1.255–1.209 (t, 3H) can only be ascribed to CH₃CH₂O⁻. Therefore, this work first proves ethanol splitting in bipolar membranes by detecting the existence of sodium ethoxide. To further extend the application of electrodialysis to non-aqueous systems (as in organic synthesis), membranes of better solvent-resistance are needed to be developed.     

Evaluation of the performance of a soft X-ray charger for the bipolar charging of nanoparticles

The use of soft X-rays in a neutralizer represents an alternative technique that could replace conventional radioactive sources. In this study, we evaluated the charging characteristics of a soft X-ray aerosol neutralizer. In addition, the results from the evaluation of the soft X-ray charger were compared with results obtained using a neutralizer incorporating an ²⁴¹Am radioactive source. The tandem differential mobility analyzer technique was used previously to determine the size-dependent positive, negative, and neutral charge fractions of a soft X-ray neutralizer. This technique was used to show that the neutral fractions obtained using the soft X-ray charger agreed well with the predictions of bipolar diffusion charging theory, and that the soft X-ray charger could be used as a neutralizer for a scanning mobility particle sizer system.     

Synthesis of Novel Asymmetrical Single-Chain Phosphoglycol-Based Bolaamphiphiles

The synthesis of long-chain 1,ω-diols with orthogonal cleavable protecting groups can be effectively performed with the use of the Grignard coupling reaction, successfully leading to the preparation of novel asymmetrical single-chain phosphoglycol-based bolaamphiphiles—a side-product that always occurred during the synthesis of symmetrical bolalipids.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]     

单分散PtNi纳米粒子特殊的红外光学性能(英文)

采用电位置换反应以及化学还原法制备了单分散PtNi纳米粒子,循环伏安结果显示该纳米粒子在0.1mol·L-1硫酸介质中对CO的氧化表现出比本体Pt电极更好的电催化活性.以CO为探针分子,采用电化学原位红外光谱研究了PtNi纳米粒子上的特殊红外光学性能.结果表明,PtNi纳米粒子无论是在玻碳电极还是在金电极上,均表现出对称的双极谱峰,同时给出很强的增强效应.论文研究结果有助于进一步了解低维纳米材料特殊红外性能的本质.