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111.
Magdalena C. Waldhier Michael A. Gruber Katja Dettmer Peter J. Oefner 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,394(3):695-706
Free amino acids are typically quantified as the sum of their enantiomers, because in terrestrial organisms they mainly exist
in the left-handed form. However, with increasing understanding of the biological significance of right-handed amino acids
interest in enantioselective quantification of amino acids has steadily increased. Initially, electrophoretic and chromatographic
methods using chiral (pseudo)-stationary phases or chiral eluents were applied to the separation of amino acid enantiomers.
Later, derivatization of amino acids prior to chromatography with chiral reagents gained in popularity, because the diastereomers
formed can be resolved on conventional reversed-phase columns. Novel multi-interaction chiral columns turned attention back
to direct chiral chromatographic methods. Hyphenation to mass spectrometry has increasingly replaced optical detection because
of superior selectivity, although this has not obviated the need for baseline resolution of amino acid enantiomers. Despite
the progress made, enantioselective separation and quantification of amino acids remains an analytical challenge owing to
frequently incomplete resolution of all naturally occurring enantiomers and insufficient sensitivity for the determination
of the trace amounts of d-amino acids typically found in biological fluids and tissues.
Chiral GC-MS analysis of heptafluorobutanol/pentafluoropropionanhydride amino acid derivatives on an Rt-gDEXsa column 相似文献
112.
This review describes the fundamental aspects of pulsed laser interaction with plasmonic nanostructures, and its applications to cell nanosurgery, including the destruction, modification or manipulation of molecular, sub-cellular and cellular structures. The review assumes no prior knowledge of the field of plasmonics and begins with a short review of the basic theory of plasmon excitation and optical properties of nanoscale metallic structures. Fundamentals of short and ultrashort laser pulse interaction with plasmonic nanostructures in a water environment are then discussed. Special emphasis is put on the consequences of the irradiation on the surrounding environment of the nanostructure, including heating, low-density plasma generation, pressure wave release and formation of vapor bubbles. The paper is concluded with a review of different applications of pulsed-laser interaction with plasmonic nanostructures for cell nanosurgery, including photothermal therapy, plasmonic enhanced cell transfection, molecular surgery and drug delivery. 相似文献
113.
《Electroanalysis》2005,17(24):2246-2253
Coated‐wire (CW) and tubular (Tu) type membrane sensors for creatinine are developed. These consist of creatinine tungstophosphate(CTP), creatinine molybdophosphate (CMP) and creatinine picrolonate (CPC) ion‐pair complexes as electroactive materials dispersed in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membranes. Electrochemical evaluation of these sensors under static (batch) mode of operation reveals near‐Nernstian response with slopes of 62.9, 58.1, and 55.2 mV decade?1 over the concentration range 1×10?2–5.0×10?6, 1×10?2–7.5×10?5, and 1×10?2?3.1×10?5 mol L?1. The lower detection limits are 0.39, 3.49, and 2.20 μg mL?1 creatinine with CTP, CMP and CPC membrane based sensors plasticized with o‐NPOE, respectively. Tubular and coated wire CTP membrane sensors are incorporated in flow‐through cells and used as detectors for flow injection analysis (FIA) of creatinine. The intrinsic characteristics of the detectors under hydrodynamic mode of operation in a low dispersion manifold are determined and compared with data obtained under static mode of operation. With 10?2 mol L?1 phosphate buffer of pH 4.5 as a carrier solution, the tubular and coated wire CTP detectors exhibit rapid response of 58.9 and 50.7 mV decade?1 over the concentration range 1×10?2–1×10?5 mol L?1 and detection limits of 0.39 μg mL?1 and 0.85 μg mL?1, respectively. Validation of the assay methods with the proposed sensors by measuring the lower detection limit, range, accuracy, precision, repeatability and between‐day‐variability reveals good performance characteristics confirming applicability for continuous determination of creatinine. The sensors are used for determining creatinine in human blood serum at an input rate of 40 samples per hour. No interferences are caused by creatine, most common anions, cations and organic species normally present in biological fluids. The results favorably compare with data obtained using the standard spectrophotometric method. 相似文献
114.
Summary. Polyphosphazenes form one of the most important and interesting classes of inorganic polymers having a backbone of alternating
phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with phosphorus atom bearing two organic side groups. The most important feature of these polymers
is the synthesis route which allows the side groups to be changed over a wide range to obtain a broad variety of products
with different properties from elastomers to glasses, water soluble to hydrophobic polymers, bioinert to bioactive materials,
and electrical insulators to conductors. In this paper, some novel applications of these polymers in biomedical materials
and advanced devices are reviewed. 相似文献
115.
116.
生物医用高分子在癌症药物治疗中的应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
利用生物医用高分子作载体,化学结合或物理包裹抗肿瘤化学药物、生物工程药物和放射药物,制剂通过植入或靶向运输至肿瘤区域。可增强药物在运输及吸收过程中的稳定性,提高药物的生物利用度,药物以一定速率从制剂中缓慢释放,可简化服用程序,在肿瘤区域维持较高的药物浓度,同时降低药物对全身的毒副作用。本文综述了生物医用高分子在高分子导向药物、抗肿瘤药物聚合物微球制剂,植入制剂以及肿瘤栓塞治疗中的应用。 相似文献
117.
对细菌视紫红质膜在两束非同频光照射下的非线性吸收特性进行了详细的理论分析,并讨论了细菌视紫红质膜非线性吸收特性有光子学方面的一些新应用。 相似文献
118.
119.
120.
聚(二甘氨酸乙酯)磷腈的合成及其生物相容性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
氨基酸酯基取代的聚磷腈由于具有优良的水解性能并能降解成无毒产物, 因而成为一类非常有吸引力的生物医用材料. 采用两步法合成了聚(二甘氨酸乙酯)磷腈(PEGP). 首先采用开环聚合的方法制备中间体聚二氯磷腈, 再利用亲核取代方法合成PEGP. 通过红外光谱、核磁共振及元素分析等确证了产物的结构. 用蒸汽压下降法测得PEGP的分子量为12959, 用DSC法测得其玻璃化转变温度为-21.5 ℃. 采用体外细胞培养的方法评价了肝癌细胞HepG2和人工合成纤维细胞在PEGP薄膜表面的生长性能. 结果表明, 该材料不但没有细胞毒性, 反而具有良好的促进细胞生长的能力, 显示聚(二甘氨酸乙酯)磷腈在组织工程和再生医学中的潜在应用价值. 相似文献