Biologisch aktive 3,3-Dimethylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane: Synthesen in der Isocamphanreihe, 35. Mitt.

Summary The bicyclo[2.2.1]- and [2.2.2]-systems are part of numerous biological active substances. Continuing our syntheses in the isocamphane series the homologous isocamphanes of mecamylamine (1 a) and of the fungicidal bicyclic compound2 were synthesized. Furthermore the syntheses ofE-homoisosantalene (15) andE,E-homoisosantalol (16) are described.

     

Determination of trace elements in biological materials using tetramethylammonium hydroxide for sample preparation

A method to prepare milk powder, bovine liver and bovine muscle samples for analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) is proposed. Samples are mixed with a small amount of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and a stable and homogeneous slurry is produced in ca. 2 h with heating at 60–70 °C. After such sample preparation and dilution with water, trace elements are determined in certified reference materials. Pyrolysis and atomisation temperatures are optimised for each element, and several modifiers are investigated. External calibration is used for every analyte. Limits of detection (LODs), precision and accuracy are reported for Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu and Ag and compared with those obtained after conventional acid digestion. The main advantages of the proposed method are the simplicity of sample preparation and the longer lifetime of the graphite tube.     

Products active on mosquitoes,IV: Synthesis and biological activity of 8-propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl/6-octenyl ethers

Summary A series of 8-proparglyoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl and 8-propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ethers were prepared from 8-hydroxygeranyl and 8-hydroxycitronellyl ethers, respectively. Almost all compounds showed high toxicity toCulex quinquefaciatus larvae at 1 mgl^–1 dose level.

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Gegen Mücken aktive Produkte, 4. Mitt.: Synthese und biologische Aktivität von 8-Propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl/6-octenyl-ethern

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe von 8-Propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl- und 8-propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl-ethern wurden aus 8-Hydroxygeranyl- bzw. 8-Hydroxycitronellyl-ethern hergestellt. Fast alle Verbindungen zeigten hoch Toxizität gegenüber Larven vonCulex quinquefaciatus in einer Dosierung von 1 mgl^–1.

     

Square-wave voltammetric determination of cefoperazone in a bacterial culture,pharmaceutical drug,milk, and urine

Use of square-wave voltammetry (SWV) for determination of cefoperazone (CFPZ) in some buffers, bacterial culture, urine, and milk is described. CFPZ provides a specific voltammetric signal which is affected by pH and solution components. Determination of CFPZ in Britton–Robinson buffer, pH 4.4, is sensitive with a low detection limit (about 0.5 nmol L^–1). In a more complex medium (bacterial 2YT medium, pH 7.2) the detection limit was approximately 1.5 mol L^–1. We provide evidence that SWV is a suitable and quick method for CFPZ determination in a culture of living bacteria without separation of biomass. We have found big differences between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in cultivation in the presence of CFPZ, depending on time. When CFPZ is cleaved by penicillinase, a new SWV peak b appears at more positive potentials. This peak rises both with increasing concentration of enzyme and with cleavage time while the original CFPZ peak is simultaneously decreasing. We determined the concentration of CFPZ in the drug Pathozone by the standard addition method and achieved good agreement with the declared value of CFPZ in the drug. With a simple pretreatment procedure it is possible to determine CFPZ in milk; for urine no pretreatment was required. Using SWV we could detect CFPZ concentrations as low as 500 nmol L^–1 in bovine milk and human urine.     

1─芳氧基乙酰基─4─苯甲酰氨基硫脲衍生物的合成及其生物活性研究

１─芳氧基乙酰基─４─苯甲酰氨基硫脲衍生物的合成及其生物活性研究魏太保，陈继畴（西北师范大学化学系，兰州，７３００７０）杨素铀，王秀春（西北师范大学生物系，兰州，７３００７０）关键词：１—芳氧基乙酰基—４—苯甲酰基氨基硫脲，相转移催化，合成，生物活性...     

Development of a mild mercaptoethanol extraction method for determination of mercury species in biological samples by HPLC–ICP-MS

A mild, efficient and convenient extraction method of using 2-mercaptoethanol contained extractant solution combined with an incubator shaker for determination of mercury species in biological samples by HPLC–ICP-MS has been developed. The effects of the concentration of 2-mercaptoethanol, the composition of the extractant solution and the shaking time on the efficiency of mercury extraction were evaluated. The optimization experiments indicated that the quantitative extraction of mercury species from biological samples could be achieved by using 0.1% (v/v) HCl, 0.1% (v/v) 2-mercapoethanol and 0.15% (m/v) KCl extractant solution in an incubator shaker for shaking overnight (about 12 h) at room temperature. The established method was validated by analysis of various biological certified reference materials, including NRCC DOLT-3 (dogfish liver), IAEA 436 (tuna fish), IAEA MA-B-3/TM (garfish filet), IAEA MA-M-2/TM (mussel tissue), GBW 08193 (bovine liver) and GBW 08572 (prawn). The analytical results of the reference materials were in good agreement with the certified or reference values of both methyl and total mercury, indicating that no distinguishable transformation between mercury species had occurred during the extraction and determination procedures. The limit of detection (LOD) for methyl (CH₃Hg⁺) and inorganic mercury (Hg²⁺) by the method are both as 0.2 μg L⁻¹. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.s) for CH₃Hg⁺ and Hg²⁺ are 3.0% and 5.8%, respectively. The advantages of the developed extraction method are that (1) it is easy to operate in HPLC–ICP-MS for mercury species determination since the extracted solution can be directly injected into the HPLC column without pH adjustment and (2) the memory effect of mercury in the ICP-MS measurement system can be reduced.     

六极杆碰撞反应池-等离子体质谱测定生物样品中痕量铬和钒

采用带六极杆碰撞反应池的电感耦合等离子体质谱直接测定了生物样品中痕量铬和钒。在碰撞反应池中引入He/NH3(93∶7)混合气,有效地消除了分子离子(ArC 、NCl 、Cl O 、Cl OH 等)对超痕量铬、钒测定的干扰,降低了方法的检出限。比较了干法灰化和湿法消解两种样品处理方法,两种消解方式获得的结果基本一致。方法的检出限(3σ):钒为0.005 0μg.g-1,铬为0.001 8μg.g-1。相对标准偏差:钒为3.25%~14.08%;铬为4.20%~8.24%。经国家一级生物标准物质验证,测定值与标准值吻合。     

生物材料中克伦特罗的气相色谱-质谱法测定

建立了生物材料中克伦特罗 (clenbuterol)的气相色谱 -质谱测定方法 ;大白鼠喂食克伦特罗获得阳性生物材料 ,生物材料中克伦特罗经0.01mol/L盐酸溶液提取 ,乙醚脱脂净化 ,乙酸乙酯提取后蒸发至干 ,用乙醇溶解后加样到氧化铝柱上 ,用0.01mol/L盐酸溶液洗脱 ,蒸发至干后 ,用BSTFA(双三甲基硅烷基三氟乙酰胺 ) +1 % (φ)TMCS(三甲基氯硅烷 )衍生 ,采用GC -MS进行测定 ,外标法定量 ;试验表明 ,生物材料中添加0.056×10 -6～0.54×10 -6(w)含量水平的克伦特罗 ,方法回收率在89 %～107 % ,相对标准偏差为7.3 %～16 % ,线性相关系数r为0.998,克伦特罗的检出限为2.0×10-9(w)。     

Resonance Rayleigh scattering determination of trace amounts of Al in natural waters and biological samples based on the formation of an Al(III)-morin-surfactant complex

A novel method for the determination of trace amounts of Al(III) based on resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) has been developed. In the presence of some surfactants, Al(III) can react with morin and form an Al(III)-morin-surfactant complex, which results in the enhancement of RRS intensity and the appearance of the corresponding RRS spectral characteristics. Their maximum scatter peaks are at 476 nm for the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) system, 489 nm for the cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) system, 474 nm for the Triton X-100 system, and 473 nm for the Tween-20 system. The enhanced RRS intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of Al(III). The detection limits are in the range of (0.50-1.2)×10⁻⁷ mol l⁻¹ depending on the surfactant. The characteristics of RRS spectra of the complexes, the optimum conditions of these reactions and the influencing factors have been investigated. The method has high selectivity, and was successfully applied to the determination of Al(III) in natural and biological samples. Furthermore, according to different complexation capacity of Al(III)-morin-CTAB system under two pH conditions, speciation analysis of Al(III) in natural waters was explored. The labile monomeric Al fraction (mainly inorganic Al, Al_i) is determined at acidic pH and the total monomeric Al fraction (Al_a) is determined at alkaline pH. The results are in agreement with those obtained by Driscoll’s 8-hydroxyquinoline extraction-ion exchange method.     

微量元素锡与健康

随着经济的发展，锡及其化合物越来越多地用于现代生活。综述了锡对人体健康的影响，包括：锡的性质、存在，环境污染、抗癌作用以及毒性等方面。