镧对含锡、锑残余元素的34CrNi3Mo钢热塑性的改善作用

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机测定了不同含量的残余元素锡、锑及稀土镧对低氧、低硫的34CrNi3Mo钢热塑性的影响;采用SEM及EDS手段研究了稀土镧对不同锡、锑含量的钢断裂方式的影响及在其中形成夹杂物的情况。结果表明,用稀土金属可以改善低氧、低硫钢中残余元素对钢性能的危害;镧可以和钢中较低含量的锑作用生成镧锑金属间化合物,并且发现了少量的镧锡金属间化合物。     

Synthesis of novel mesoporous silica spheres with starburst pore canal structure

Novel spherical mesoporous silica materials with uniform diameters and starburst mesopore structures were synthesized by a simple one-step procedure with ethanol as the co-solvent in dilute aqueous solution and their formation mechanism was proposed. The arrangement of the pore canal and the diameter of the sphere could be tailored by altering the concentration of ethanol.     

Synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, and gas sorption properties of pillared square grid nets based on paddle-wheel motifs: implications for hydrogen storage in porous materials

A systematic modulation of organic ligands connecting dinuclear paddle-wheel motifs leads to a series of isomorphous metal-organic porous materials that have a three-dimensional connectivity and interconnected pores. Aromatic dicarboxylates such as 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (1,4-bdc), tetramethylterephthalate (tmbdc), 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate (1,4-ndc), tetrafluoroterephthalate (tfbdc), or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (2,6-ndc) are linear linkers that form two-dimensional layers, and diamine ligands, 4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco) or 4,4'-dipyridyl (bpy), coordinate at both sides of Zn(2) paddle-wheel units to bridge the layers vertically. The resulting open frameworks [Zn(2)(1,4-bdc)(2)(dabco)] (1), [Zn(2)(1,4-bdc)(tmbdc)(dabco)] (2), [Zn(2)(tmbdc)(2)(dabco)] (3), [Zn(2)(1,4-ndc)(2)(dabco)] (4), [Zn(2)(tfbdc)(2)(dabco)] (5), and [Zn(2)(tmbdc)(2)(bpy)] (8) possess varying size of pores and free apertures originating from the side groups of the 1,4-bdc derivatives. [Zn(2)(1,4-bdc)(2)(bpy)] (6) and [Zn(2)(2,6-ndc)(2)(bpy)] (7) have two- and threefold interpenetrating structures, respectively. The non-interpenetrating frameworks (1-5 and 8) possess surface areas in the range of 1450-2090 m(2)g(-1) and hydrogen sorption capacities of 1.7-2.1 wt % at 78 K and 1 atm. A detailed analysis of the sorption data in conjunction with structural similarities and differences concludes that porous materials with straight channels and large openings do not perform better than those with wavy channels and small openings in terms of hydrogen storage through physisorption.     

无机层状复合氢氧化物中顺铂-DNA模型分子的选择性插入

药物分子的选择性包裹和控制释放是药物研究领域中具有挑战性的研究方向。本文研究表明:顺铂-DNA模型分子cis-[Pt(NH₃)₂(5′-GMP)₂](5′-GMP 5′-单磷酸鸟苷)可插入无机层状复合氢氧化物[Zn_0.68Al_0.32(OH)₂](NO₃)_0.32·mH₂O。但另一种层状复合氢氧化物[LiAl₂(OH)₆]Cl·H₂O由于其阳离子层中正电荷密度较高、阳离子层与层间阴离子之间静电作用较强,因而顺铂-DNA模型分子不能通过离子交换方式插入其层间。光谱数据证实插入层间的顺铂-DNA模型分子结构不变。这可能为铂-DNA分子的传递提供新的方法。     

Summary of ISO/TC 201 Standard XI. ISO 17974:2002—Surface chemical analysis—High‐resolution Auger electron spectrometers—Calibration of energy scales for elemental and chemical‐state analysis

This International Standard specifies a method for calibrating the kinetic energy scales of Auger electron spectrometers for elemental and chemical‐state analysis at surfaces. It is only applicable to instruments that incorporate an ion gun for sputter cleaning. This International Standard further specifies a method to establish a calibration schedule, to test for the kinetic energy scale linearity at one intermediate energy, to confirm the uncertainty of the scale calibration at one low and one high kinetic energy value, to correct for small drifts of that scale and to define the expanded uncertainty of the calibration of the kinetic energy scale for a confidence level of 95%. This uncertainty includes contributions for behaviours observed in interlaboratory studies but does not cover all of the defects that could occur. This International Standard is not applicable to instruments with kinetic energy scale errors that are significantly non‐linear with energy, to instruments operated at relative resolutions poorer than 0.2% in the constant ΔE/E mode or poorer than 1.5 eV in the constant ΔE mode, to instruments requiring tolerance limits of ±0.05 eV or less or to instruments equipped with an electron gun that cannot be operated in the energy range 5–10 keV. This standard does not provide a full calibration check, which would confirm the energy measured at each addressable point on the energy scale and should be performed according to the manufacturer's recommended procedures. Crown Copyright © 2003. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characterisation of raw materials for production of ceramics

The aim of this paper is to characterize some raw materials used for ceramics material production. Five samples of clay have been analyzed. It has been carried out a patterned sampling in a quarry in Rosarno (South Italy). Chemical-physical properties on clay samples are determined. Test pieces have been prepared and physical properties after firing are determined by DSC thermal analysis, XRD analysis and X-ray fluorescence. It is important to note the high amount of Fe₂O₃. The mixture principally contains quartz, illite and oligoclase. It has been observed the colour and the shape after firing: predominant colour is red. In this case the clay has been used in mixtures covered with glazes. The colour of internal clay is hidden by opaque of glazes. The analysed raw materials can be used in a slip for single fired red tiles. The A2sp clay produces best ceramics at 1000°C.     

氯化钠在球形纳米氧化铈形成过程中的作用

以水合碳酸铈为原料, 以氯化钠作为助磨剂和阻聚剂, 采用机械活化法制备了球形纳米氧化铈, 用XRD法研究了水合碳酸铈与氯化钠质量比、球磨时间、煅烧温度对CeO2粉体晶粒度的影响, 用TEM对最终产物粒子进行形貌观察. 结果表明: 在碳酸铈的球磨过程及其随后的煅烧过程中, 氯化钠的存在起到了很好的助磨和阻聚作用, 所得CeO2为类球形粒子, 分散性较好, 晶粒度约为30～50 nm.     

Some aspects of diffusion: fluctuations in reaction diffusion,and geometric influences in nonuniform media

Summary We deal with two diffusion problems: Space-integrated conserved entities characterizing very fast - diffusion - controlled reactions, such as time lags, etc. are universal. They are given by relationships which do not reflect the failure of the mean field hydrodynamic equations. We present another application which does not reflect this failure, for determining the surface flux via a diffusion controlled reaction producing a colored product. Another anomalous diffusion process we considered is transport through cellular materials whose cell sizes are highly nonuniform. We have analyzed the effects of extreme nonuniformity by considering fractal-like models of cellular solids. The diffusion current through these models can exhibit anomalous time-dependencies which are not predicted by the diffusion equation. In particular, it is shown that the initial diffusion current can be characterized by a power-law dependence on the time. Furthermore, the exponent of the power law is given in terms of the distribution of cell sizes in the fractal-like cellular solid.