有机杂化锑基主族异金属硫属化物的研究进展

本文综述了有机杂化锑基主族异金属硫属化物的研究进展,对它们的结构和异金属次级结构基元进行了描述、归类和总结;探讨了有机组分分别作为结构导向剂和配体两种角色所起到的不同作用;介绍了这类化合物在离子交换、光催化性能方面的研究;展望了该体系的发展趋势。     

有机杂化锑基主族异金属硫属化物的研究进展

本文综述了有机杂化锑基主族异金属硫属化物的研究进展, 对它们的结构和异金属次级结构基元进行了描述、归类和总结;探讨了有机组分分别作为结构导向剂和配体两种角色所起到的不同作用;介绍了这类化合物在离子交换、光催化性能方面的研究;展望了该体系的发展趋势。     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的火电厂机组负荷分配

以坑口电厂SIS系统机组负荷优化分配功能模块为应用背景,针对基本粒子群优化算法易陷入局部收敛、收敛速度慢的缺点,提出一种基于惯性权重非线性减小策略的改进粒子群优化算法。并且通过MATLAB与Visual C++混合编程,开发了机组负荷在线优化分配功能模块,提高了算法的计算效率和工程应用价值。     

Limit distribution of the coefficients of polynomials with only unit roots

We consider sequences of random variables whose probability generating functions have only roots on the unit circle, which has only been sporadically studied in the literature. We show that the random variables are asymptotically normally distributed if and only if the fourth central and normalized (by the standard deviation) moment tends to 3, in contrast to the common scenario for polynomials with only real roots for which a central limit theorem holds if and only if the variance is unbounded. We also derive a representation theorem for all possible limit laws and apply our results to many concrete examples in the literature, ranging from combinatorial structures to numerical analysis, and from probability to analysis of algorithms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46,707–738, 2015     

On the structure of split Leibniz triple systems

We study the structure of arbitrary split Leibniz triple systems with a coherent 0-root space. By developing techniques of connections of roots for this kind of triple systems, under certain conditions, in the case of T being of maximal length, the simplicity of the Leibniz triple systems is characterized.     

Two novel abietane dimers from transformed root cultures of Salvia broussonetii

Broussonetone A (1) and broussonetone B (2), two novel dimeric abietane diterpenes, have been isolated from Salvia broussonetii root cultures transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The structure of broussonetone A was determined from spectroscopic data and confirmed by X-ray analysis. This dimer can be formed by a [4+2]-cycloaddition of two molecules of 13β-hydroxyabieta-8(14),9(11)-dien-12-one. NMR data of broussonetone B indicated that the C-20 methyl in part B of the broussonetone A molecule had been substituted by an aldehyde group. Thus, broussonetone B could be formed by an analogous Diels Alder reaction between 13β-hydroxyabieta-8(14),9(11)-dien-12-one as the dienophile and its 20-oxo derivative as the electrophile.     

促进学生化学学科核心素养发展的“铁盐和亚铁盐”的单元教学

设计了“铁盐和亚铁盐”的单元教学,以“探究硫酸亚铁的性质”和“线路板腐蚀液的研究”为核心任务,把铁盐与亚铁盐的性质、Fe²⁺和Fe³⁺的相互转化等核心知识贯穿其中,建立从物质类别、元素价态视角研究物质性质及转化的思路方法,促进多维度化学学科核心素养的融合发展。经过多轮次教学改进,结合教学实践过程及其教学效果抽提出“注重应用无机物的认识模型,重点把握研究物质性质的角度和思路”“抓住典型活动,培养学生的关键能力”“设计开放性任务,通过有效的师生对话进行诊断,外显问题解决思路”等教学策略。     

卟啉-硫醚基共价有机框架材料用于氧还原反应电催化剂

氧还原反应（ORR）是能进行能量存储的核心电化学过程。由于它的动力学速率缓慢,因此亟需制备出高活性的电催化剂来促进这一反应的速率。二维共价有机框架材料（2D COFs）的π-π堆积结构可赋予骨架高导电率,并且一维有序的孔道有利于促进中间反应体传输。因此,其在可再生能源领域中具有良好的应用前景,并有望作为能量存储与转化的强大催化平台。本文通过向2D COFs中引入金属卟啉单元及硫醚单元成功制备了两个2D COFs （JUC-600和JUC-601）。通过多种表征手段证明,这两个2D COFs均具有AA堆积的sql拓扑结构。通过电化学测试表明,Co²⁺配位的JUC-601具有更正的ORR起始电势（0.825 V）和半波电势（0.7 V）、更高的活性表面积（7.8 mF/cm²）,更低的Tafel斜率（58 mV/dec）。这主要是由于JUC-601的高比表面积和高孔隙率使得中间产物能更易在COFs的表面和孔道中接触和传输。此外,Co²⁺-卟啉单元以及硫醚单元的存在使其骨架整体的电子结构发生了变化,更有利于电子转移。这一工作不仅开发了新的二维卟啉-硫醚基COFs材料,同时也拓展了2D COFs材料在电催化领域的应用。     

The enormity of the zinc deficiency problem and available solutions; an overview

The societal cost of micronutrient deficiency (MND) or the “hidden hunger” is in millions of dollars/year, reducing the GDP of some countries by as much as 11%. Zn is an important micronutrient for both plants and animals. An estimated 17% of the world population, or around 1.1 billion people, are at the risk of zinc (Zn) deficiency. The deficiency has been related to adverse pregnancy outcomes, stunted growth, premature deaths, immune system dysfunctions, neuro-behavioral disorders, and recently with the failure to recover from COVID-19. These health risks associated with Zn deficiency have compelled FAO and WHO to recommend Zn fortification of diet. Correcting Zn deficiency is a challenge due to several reasons. Close to half of the agricultural soils are Zn deficient, and chemical Zn fertilizers are costly and ineffective. Developing Zn-rich crops through plant breeding and genetic engineering is challenging. Zn-dense diet is costly and cannot be implemented in the low-income region most affected by Zn deficiency. Lack of consensus among regulatory bodies on defining and diagnosing Zn deficiency in plants and Humans. Awareness and other sociocultural issues. Among the most important available solutions are zinc biofortification of the cereal crops, use of zinc biofertilizers, development of Zn-efficient crops with reduced phytate content. The use of Zn supplements, dietary modification, and diversification, especially with fish, are proposed as the most accessible and affordable solutions. Awareness programs in areas suffering the most from Zn deficiency are required. Despite the suggestions from FAO and WHO, global efforts to combat Zn deficiency matching those for combating diseases like HIV are not in place. Coordinated efforts of the international community, especially policy-makers, agricultural scientists, dieticians, physicians, and others, are required to address the issue of hidden hunger.     

Actuating Shape Memory Polymer for Thermoresponsive Soft Robotic Gripper and Programmable Materials

For soft robotics and programmable metamaterials, novel approaches are required enabling the design of highly integrated thermoresponsive actuating systems. In the concept presented here, the necessary functional component was obtained by polymer syntheses. First, poly(1,10-decylene adipate) diol (PDA) with a number average molecular weight M_n of 3290 g·mol⁻¹ was synthesized from 1,10-decanediol and adipic acid. Afterward, the PDA was brought to reaction with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol. The resulting polyester urethane (PEU) was processed to the filament, and samples were additively manufactured by fused-filament fabrication. After thermomechanical treatment, the PEU reliably actuated under stress-free conditions by expanding on cooling and shrinking on heating with a maximum thermoreversible strain of 16.1%. Actuation stabilized at 12.2%, as verified in a measurement comprising 100 heating-cooling cycles. By adding an actuator element to a gripper system, a hen’s egg could be picked up, safely transported and deposited. Finally, one actuator element each was built into two types of unit cells for programmable materials, thus enabling the design of temperature-dependent behavior. The approaches are expected to open up new opportunities, e.g., in the fields of soft robotics and shape morphing.