A general framework for describing photofission observables of actinides at an average excitation energy below 30 MeV

A reasonable prediction of photofission observables plays a paramount role in understanding the photofission process and guiding various photofission-induced applications, such as short-lived isotope production, nuclear waste disposal, and nuclear safeguards. However, the available experimental data for photofission observables are limited, and the existing models and programs have mainly been developed for neutron-induced fission processes. In this study, a general framework is proposed for characterizing the photofission observables of actinides, including the mass yield distributions (MYD) and isobaric charge distributions (ICD) of fission fragments and the multiplicity and energy distributions of prompt neutrons (n_p) and prompt γ rays (γ_p). The framework encompasses various systematic neutron models and empirical models considering the Bohr hypothesis and does not rely on the experimental data as input. These models are then validated individually against experimental data at an average excitation energy below 30 MeV, which shows the reliability and robustness of the general framework. Finally, we employ this framework to predict the characteristics of photofission fragments and the emissions of prompt particles for typical actinides including ²³²Th, ^{235, 238}U and ²⁴⁰Pu. It is found that the ²³⁸U(γ, f) reaction is more suitable for producing neutron-rich nuclei compared to the ²³²Th(γ, f) reaction. In addition, the average multiplicity number of both n_p and γ_p increases with the average excitation energy.     

Excited-State dynamics of conjugated polycarbosilane oligomers with branched dimethyl or diphenyl group

Dimethyl or diphenyl branched conjugated polycarbosilane oligomers in solutions, including poly[[1,4-bis(thiophenyl)buta-1,3-diyne]-alt-(dimethylsilane)], poly[[1,4-bis(thiophenyl)buta-1,3-diyne]-alt-(diphenylsilane)], poly[[1,4-bis(phenyl)buta-1,3-diyne]-alt-(dimethylsilane)], and poly[[1,4-bis(phenyl)buta-1,3-diyne]-alt-(diphenylsilane)], were investigated by steady-state and picosecond time-resolved spectroscopies to elucidate the effect of silicon-atom introduction into the π-conjugated copolymer backbone and the substitution of the aromatic phenyl group on the silicon atom. The introduction of silicon atoms into π-conjugated copolymer backbones induces slow decay emission components with lifetimes of about 450 ps in addition to π–π* local excited-state relaxations in the time-resolved fluorescence decay profiles. The diphenyls, which are branched in the silicon atoms, bring about broad, structureless emission bands in the low-frequency region of the steady-state fluorescence spectra. However, such broad bands do not occur in the case of dimethyl branched conjugated polycarbosilane oligomers. The time-resolved and solvent-dependent studies of these bands imply that the excited-state dynamics of diphenyl branched conjugated polycarbosilane oligomers can be related to an intramolecular charge-transfer dynamics through an inductive and (d-p) π-conjugation effect between the π-conjugated backbone and the branched phenyl ring. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2901–2908, 1999     

Peptide Charge Derivatization as a Tool for Early Detection of Preeclampsia by Mass Spectrometry—A Comparison with the ELISA Test

Early detection of any preeclampsia biomarkers may lower the risk of mortality, both for a mother and a child. Our study focuses on techniques for preeclampsia biomarker identification by comparing the results of a method using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode (LC-MS/MS) with those by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, as well as by comparing the obtained results with clinical data. In the proposed LC-MS/MS method a tryptic digest peptide charge derivatization strategy was used as a tool for sensitive detection of podocin, i.e., a previously discovered preeclampsia biomarker present in urine samples from pregnant women. Urine samples from pregnant women with diagnosed preeclampsia were collected at different stages of pregnancy and from healthy subjects, and then were analyzed by ELISA test and the proposed method with LC-MS/MS. Charge derivatization of the ε amino group of C-terminal lysine residues in tryptic digests by 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium salt was performed to increase the ionization efficiency in the LC-MS/MS mode. Podocin was identified at the early stage of pregnancy, while its detection using an ELISA test was not possible. The protocol for urine sample preparation was optimized. Our results show that the proposed method by LC-MS/MS in combination with peptide charge derivatization, provides an ultrasensitive tool for diagnosis of preeclampsia, and provides earlier detection than a clinical diagnosis or ELISA test. The proposed solution may revolutionize medical diagnostics.     

氦原子(e,2e)反应中末通道屏蔽效应的理论研究

在Chen等人工作(2001,Chin. Phys. 10 290)的基础上,进一步对(e,2e)反应的末态He+中核外电子的有效屏蔽给出修正.并用修正后的索末菲参量计算了入射能为40 eV时,共面不对称几何条件下电子离化He原子的三重微分截面.所得结果与其它理论结果及最新绝对测量的实验数据进行比较发现:所得到的理论曲线更接近实验数据.     

DDT管材料对颗粒状RDX床燃烧转爆轰（DDT）影响的实验研究

 采用盖帽探针、离子探针实验研究了点火药点燃时,DDT管材料变化（钢和铝）对颗粒状RDX床的燃烧转爆轰的影响。     

团簇Aun+1-1、AunCr-1 (n=1-10)吸附CO的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论对CO在阴离子团簇Aun+1-1、AunCr-1(n=1-10))表面的吸附做了系统研究.结果表明,团簇Aun+1CO-1、AunCrCO-1的基态结构是在团簇Aun+1-1、AunCr-1最低能量结构的基础上吸附CO形成; 吸附后的CO键长变长,振动频率减小,表明CO分子被活化;取值相同时,AunCrCO-1的平均结合能高,表明团簇Aun+1CO-1掺杂Cr后稳定性升高.HOMO-LOMO能隙结果表明Aun+1CO-1替代掺杂Cr原子后团簇的化学活性得到了提升,AunCrCO-1、Aun+1CO-1团簇能隙具有奇偶振荡的现象;轨道电荷分析表明CO与团簇相互作用实质是C原子与成键Au原子或Cr原子间转移电荷,CO在与团簇相互作用过程中O原子轨道电荷分布几乎没有发生变化.     

X射线CCD标定及模拟

 在北京同步辐射光源4B7B实验站上,采用透射光栅配X射线电荷耦合元件(CCD)的方法对单色光进行了检验,在优化高次谐波抑制方法后,开展了X射线CCD的灵敏度标定实验研究;在标定数据处理过程中,提出了等效曝光时间的概念,修正了快门开合造成的曝光时间误差。标定实验获得了100~1 500 eV能区CCD的灵敏度,补充了300~600 eV能区CCD灵敏度标定数据,验证了简化模型的正确性。     

药型罩材料的晶粒度对射流性能的影响

 通过对紫铜药型罩的静破甲威力实验和脉冲X射线照像，研究了药型罩材料的晶粒度对射流性能的影响。研究结果表明，药型罩材料的晶粒度对射流动态延伸特性有重要影响。罩材料的晶粒细化可以增加有效连续射流的长度，推迟射流断裂的时间，提高静破甲威力水平。最后讨论了晶粒度对射流性能影响的机理。