Twelve limit cycles around a singular point in a planar cubic-degree polynomial system

In this paper, we prove the existence of 12 small-amplitude limit cycles around a singular point in a planar cubic-degree polynomial system. Based on two previously developed cubic systems in the literature, which have been proved to exhibit 11 small-amplitude limit cycles, we applied a different method to show 11 limit cycles. Moreover, we show that one of the systems can actually have 12 small-amplitude limit cycles around a singular point. This is the best result so far obtained in cubic planar vector fields around a singular point.     

Borch’s Theorem from the perspective of comonotonicity

This short note revisits the classical Theorem of Borch on the characterization of Pareto optimal risk exchange treaties under the expected utility paradigm. Our objective is to approach the optimal risk exchange problem by a new method, which is based on a Breeden–Litzenberger type integral representation formula for increasing convex functions and the theory of comonotonicity. Our method allows us to derive Borch’s characterization without using Kuhn–Tucker theory, and also without the need of assuming that all utility functions are continuously differentiable everywhere. We demonstrate that our approach can be used effectively to solve the Pareto optimal risk-sharing problem with a positivity constraint being imposed on the admissible allocations when the aggregate risk is positive.     

Poisson’s equation for discrete-time single-birth processes

We consider Poisson’s equation for discrete-time single-birth processes, and we derive its solutions by solving a linear system of infinitely many equations. We apply the solution of Poisson’s equation to obtain the asymptotic variance. The results are further applied to birth–death processes and the scalar-valued GI/M/1-type Markov chains.     

A general vectorial Ekeland’s variational principle with a P-distance

In this paper, by using p-distances on uniform spaces, we establish a general vectorial Ekeland variational principle （in short EVP）, where the objective function is defined on a uniform space and taking values in a pre-ordered real linear space and the perturbation involves a p-distance and a monotone function of the objective function. Since p-distances are very extensive, such a form of the perturbation in deed contains many different forms of perturbations appeared in the previous versions of EVP. Besides, we only require the objective function has a very weak property, as a substitute for lower semi-continuity, and only require the domain space （which is a uniform space） has a very weak type of completeness, i.e., completeness with respect to a certain p-distance. Such very weak type of completeness even includes local completeness when the uniform space is a locally convex topological vector space. From the general vectorial EVP, we deduce a general vectorial Caristi＇s fixed point theorem and a general vectorial Takahashi＇s nonconvex minimization theorem. Moreover, we show that the above three theorems are equivalent to each other. We see that the above general vectorial EVP includes many particular versions of EVP, which extend and complement the related known results.     

与 Cauchy 微分中值定理相关的几个问题

根据Cauchy微分中值定理表达式的结构引入辅助函数 F（x ,c）＝ f （x）- f （c）g（x）- g（c）（a＜ c＜ b）,通过讨论其可导性,得到相关的几个不等式,由此得出Cauchy微分中值定理存在唯一“中值点”的一个条件,并给出其逆定理的一个较弱表述。     

一类极限为1的未定式

对于一类00型或∞0型未定式,给出其极限为1的一个充分条件,并通过实例展示其应用。     

On intensities of perturbed random measures on Hausdorff spaces

Abstract

This article studies classes of random measures on topological spaces perturbed by stochastic processes (a.k.a. modulated random measures). We render a rigorous construction of the stochastic integral of functions of two variables and showed that such an integral is a random measure. We establish a new Campbell-type formula that, along with a rigorous construction of modulation, leads to the intensity of a modulated random measure. Mathematical formalism of integral-driven random measures and their stochastic intensities find numerous applications in stochastic models, physics, astrophysics, and finance that we discuss throughout the article.     

A Survey for the Spectrum of Triangles over Sequence Spaces

Abstract

In the present paper, we summarize the recent literature concerning the spectrum and fine spectrum with respect to Goldberg’s classification of some operators represented by an infinite matrix over certain sequence spaces.