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11.
Deformed Hartree-Fock calculations are performed for some light nuclei in a large configuration space consisting of first
four major shells. The interaction employed is the modified Skyrme interaction in which the deformed density is replaced by
the band averaged scalar density that makes the Hamiltonian rotationally invariant rendering the spectroscopic calculations
feasible. It is shown that the introduction of density dependence spreads out the energy spectra and that the Skyrme variant
SIV which has a weak density dependence gives best overall agreement for energy spectra and the available data for the electromagnetic
properties of the nuclei studied. It is found that the maximum contribution to the energy of any state in the low lying spectrum
comes from thes-state attractive ands-state repulsive parts of the Skyrme interaction. It is also shown that when two-body density dependent version of Skyrme
interaction is used, the Koopmans theorem no longer holds. 相似文献
12.
M. Grifoni E. Paladino U. Weiss 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1999,10(4):719-729
The dynamics of the reduced density matrix of the driven dissipative two-state system is studied for a general diagonal/off-diagonal
initial state. We derive exact formal series expressions for the populations and coherences and show that they can be cast
into the form of coupled nonconvolutive exact master equations and integral relations. We show that neither the asymptotic
distributions, nor the transition temperature between coherent and incoherent motion, nor the dephasing rate and relaxation
rate towards the equilibrium state depend on the particular initial state chosen. However, in the underdamped regime, effects
of the particular initial preparation, e.g. in an off-diagonal state of the density matrix, strongly affect the transient dynamics. We find that an appropriately tuned external ac-field
can slow down decoherence and thus allow preparation effects to persist for longer times than in the absence of driving.
Received 23 October 1998 and Received in final form 26 February 1999 相似文献
13.
A facile, low-temperature, and low-cost chemical route has been developed to prepare ZnO nanowire and nanosphere compound structures. The morphology, structure, and composition of the yielded products have been examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurements. We have systematically investigated the optical properties of the ZnO nanostructures by micro-Raman, photoluminescence, and transmission spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the yielded ZnO nanostructures possess good optical quality with high light absorption. We have further successfully employed the obtained ZnO compound nanostructures in dye-sensitized solar cells. The light-to-electricity conversion results show that the compound nanostructure exhibits a significant enhancement of short-circuit current density due to the increased surface area and light scattering in the compound nanostructures. The present chemical route provides a simple way to synthesize various compound nanostructures with high surface area for nanodevice applications. 相似文献
14.
Intense infrared-to-visible up-conversion (UC) emissions were obtained in hexagonal Yb3+-Tm3+ co-doped NaYF4 nanorods under excitation at 980 nm. Especially, luminescent switching between different UC emission wavelengths at 800, 480 and 450 nm were observed by adjusting excitation powers. Based on power-dependent spectral analyses, it was found that the cooperative energy transfer between Yb3+-Yb3+ pairs and Tm3+ ions play a key role on the luminescent switching besides the saturation effect of Yb3+2F5/2 and Tm3+1G4 excited states. Our results indicate that hexagonal NaYF4 nanostructures have potential applications in miniaturized solid-state laser, optical processing sensors and fluorescent biolabels. 相似文献
15.
Geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of Be-doped gold clusters: a density functional theory study 下载免费PDF全文
We have systematically investigated the geometrical structures, relative stabilities and electronic properties of small bimetallic AunBe (n = 1, 2, . . . , 8) clusters using a density functional method at BP86 level. The optimized geometries reveal that the impurity beryllium atom dramatically affects the structures of the Aun clusters. The averaged binding energies, fragmentation energies, second-order difference of energies, the highest occupied-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps and chemical hardness are investigated. All of them exhibit a pronounced odd-even alternation, manifesting that the clusters with even number of gold atoms possess relatively higher stabilities. Especially, the linear Au2Be cluster is magic cluster with the most stable chemical stability. According to the natural population analysis, it is found that charge-transferring direction between Au atom and Be atom changes at the size of n = 4. 相似文献
16.
Zahra Ahmadi Ganjeh S. Farhad Masoudi 《中国物理C(英文版)》2014,(10):131-136
Neutron beam optimization for accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy(BNCT) is investigated using a ^7Li(p,n)^7Be reaction. Design and optimization have been carried out for the target, cooling system,moderator, filter, reflector, and collimator to achieve a high flux of epithermal neutron and satisfy the IAEA criteria.Also, the performance of the designed beam in tissue is assessed by using a simulated Snyder head phantom. The results show that the optimization of the collimator and reflector is critical to finding the best neutron beam based on the ^7Li(p,n)^7Be reaction. Our designed beam has 2.49×109n/cm^2 s epithermal neutron flux and is suitable for BNCT of deep-seated brain tumors. 相似文献
17.
M.J. Rozenberg 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1998,2(4):457-461
We propose a novel scenario for the electronic state in the manganese perovskites. We argue that, at low temperatures and
within the ferromagnetic state, the physics of these colossal magnetoresistance compounds may be characterized by a correlated
metallic state near a metal insulator transition where the orbital degrees of freedom play the main role. This follows from
the observation that a two-band degenerate Hubbard model under a strong magnetic field can be mapped onto a para-orbital single
band model. We solve the model numerically using the quantum Monte-Carlo technique within a dynamical mean field theory which
is exact in the limit of large lattice connectivity. We argue that the proposed scenario may allow for the qualitative interpretation
of a variety of experiments which were also observed in other (early) transition metal oxides.
Received: 3 October 1997 / Revised: 9 December 1997 / Accepted: 12 January 1998 相似文献
18.
D. S. L. Pontes E. Longo F. M. Pontes M. S. Galhiane L. S. Santos Marcelo A. Pereira-da-Silva J. H. D. da Silva A. J. Chiquito P. S. Pizani 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,96(3):731-740
Ferroelectric Pb1−x−y
Ca
x
Sr
y
TiO3 thin films (denoted by PCST90, PCST70, and PCST30) were deposited on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by a chemical solution deposition method. Their properties were investigated from the viewpoint of crystal
structure, microstructure, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of
PCST90, PCST70, and PCST30 thin films without any secondary phases. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy results show that a gradual
phase transition from tetragonal to pseudocubic or cubic perovskite structure may occur in PCST thin films with the simultaneous
increase of Ca2+ and Sr2+ contents. Both substitution of isovalent Ca2+ and Sr2+ at Pb2+-site enhanced the dielectric constant and reduced the remnant polarization. In addition, ferroelectric test analyses show
that the PCST thin films undergo a ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transformation with an amount of Pb2+, Ca2+, and Sr2+ at 30%, 35%, and 35% mol, respectively. Hence, the absence of ferroelectric property may be attributed to a decreasing of
the octahedron distortion in the perovskite structure accompanied by a weakening of long-range ferroelectric order. 相似文献
19.
S. Senthilkumaar R. Thamiz Selvi 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,94(1):123-129
Zinc sulfide nanorods with good photoluminescence have been successfully fabricated using a simple sol-gel process via ultrasonication,
with mercaptoethanol as capping agent. The formation of ZnS nucleation, followed by subsequent growth, is significant in obtaining
highly oriented ZnS nanorods. Temperature, time, and capping agent also proved to be significant factors in the growth of
ZnS nanorods and greatly affect their photo luminescent properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, low and high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy (TEM & HRTEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, and scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) indicated that the ZnS nanorods were single crystal in nature and that they had grown up preferentially along the [0001]
direction. This simple method of nucleation, followed by their successive growth, resulted in the development of an effective
and low-cost fabrication process for high-quality ZnS nanorods with good photo luminescent properties that can be applied
to luminescent sensors and optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
20.
18Ni-maraging steel has been entirely nanocrystallized by a series of processes including solution treatment, hot-rolling deformation, cold-drawn deformation and direct electric heating. The plasma nitriding of nanocrystallized 18Ni-maraging steel was carried out at 410 °C for 3 h and 6 h in a mixture gas of 20% N2 + 80% H2 with a pressure of 400 Pa. The surface phase constructions and nitrogen concentration profile in surface layer were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the glow discharge spectrometry (GDS), respectively. The results show that an about 2 μm thick compound layer (mono-phase γ′-Fe4N) can be produced on the top of the surface layer of nanocrystallized 18Ni-maraging steel plasma nitrided at 410 °C for 6 h. The measured hardness value of the nitrided surface is 11.6 GPa. More importantly, the γ′-Fe4N phase has better plasticity, i.e., its plastic deformation energy calculated from the load-displacement curve obtained by nano-indentation tester is close to that of nanocrystallized 18Ni-maraging steel. Additionally, the mechanical properties of γ′-Fe4N phase were also characterized by first-principles calculations. The calculated results indicate that the hardness value and the ratio of bulk to shear modulus (B/G) of the γ′-Fe4N phase are 10.15 GPa and 3.12 (>1.75), respectively. This demonstrates that the γ′-Fe4N phase has higher hardness and better ductility. 相似文献