掺镱双包层光纤放大器分布泵浦方式下的优化算法

 利用平均反转率迭代算法计算掺镱双包层光纤放大器分布泵浦方式下的稳态速率方程组,并采用遗传算法对分布泵浦功率的大小和每段光纤长度同时进行优化。评估函数中引入了每段光纤中最高温度的标准方差,以确保每段光纤中的最高工作温度是相同的。通过优化,7段泵浦的最高温度和标准方差分别为126.34 ℃和1.95 ℃ ,8段泵浦条件下的最高温度和标准方差分别为119.76 ℃和2.12 ℃。而未经优化的7段泵浦的最高温度和标准方差分别为147.12 ℃和21.37 ℃,8段泵浦条件下的最高温度和标准方差分别为139.95 ℃和20.83 ℃。计算结果表明：泵浦方式的优化降低了最高温度和标准方差,实现了光纤中温度分布的均匀性,并且通过增加泵浦段数可以进一步降低最高温度和平坦温度分布。     

原位实时近红外光谱研究核壳乳液聚合过程

将苯乙烯(St)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)单体以不同的聚合方式制备核壳乳液和共聚乳液, 并采用近红外光谱技术实现了对乳液反应过程的原位实时监测, 通过对近红外光谱的谱带归属和主成分分析, 为近红外光谱技术判别乳液聚合过程提供了科学依据, 也为判断反向核壳乳液核壳翻转的拐点提出了一种新的方法. 采用簇类独立软模式法(SIMCA)建立了定性判别模型, 得到了很好的判别结果, 为进一步研究近红外光谱技术用于核壳乳液聚合过程奠定了基础.     

Construction of Helical Structures with Multiple Fused Anthracenes: Structures and Properties of Long Expanded Helicenes

Polycyclic aromatic compounds consisting of four or five fused anthracene units were synthesized by PtCl₂-catalyzed cycloisomerization as novel long expanded helicenes. These compounds have helical structures with significant stacking of the terminal anthracene moieties at 0.33 nm interlayer distance. In the UV-vis and fluorescence spectra, the absorption and emission bands were red-shifted as the number of fused anthracene units was increased. The characteristic broad and long-lived emission bands of the long analogues are explained by the excimer-like stabilization of the excited state. These photophysical data as well as their cyclic voltammetric data are discussed on the basis of the π-conjugation and interlayer π⋅⋅⋅π interactions in the molecular structures and the molecular orbitals. The barrier and mechanism of helical inversion are also reported.     

Bi2S3纳米带的制备及其谱学性能研究

以硝酸铋、硫代乙酰胺和氨三乙酸等为原料,利用水热法在180℃下反应12h得到Bi2S3纳米带.X射线粉末衍射结果表明产物对应于正交晶相的Bi2 S3(JCPDS:17-320),晶胞参数为a=1.110 6 nm,1,b=1.099 3 nm,c=O.389 2 nm,与文献报道值(a=1.114 9nm ,b=1.1304 nm,c=O.3981 nm)基本一致;通过透射电镜观察其形貌为均匀的带状,宽约100 nm;高分辨透射电镜照片显示晶体沿y轴优先生长;通过对x射线光电子能谱分析得到Bi和S的原子个数比例约为2:3,与目标产物Bi2 S3的计量比一致;测试显示Bi2S3纳米带的拉曼吸收峰出现在195 cm-1处,与块体Bi2s3(236 cm-1)相比,其吸收峰红移了41 cm-1,体现了纳米材料的表面效应.紫外-可见吸收光谱研究发现Bi2S3纳米带在450nm左右有吸收,计算得到Eg约为1.58 eV(块体Bi2S3的巨为1.3 eV),在光电领域有潜在的应用价值.     

匹配垂直质点振速的浅海地声参数反演

海底声学参数对海洋波导中的声场特性研究和相关应用具有重要意义。针对一次夏季黄海声传播实验,分析了浅海负跃层环境下垂直质点振速的传播特性和简正波结构,说明当声源和接收器均位于负跃层下时,除海底附近外的大部分深度上垂直质点振速能量较高,且与声压相比,号数高的简正波对垂直质点振速的贡献更大,利用垂直质点振速进行匹配场反演能获得更高的海底参数敏感性。分析了海底吸收系数对垂直质点振速匹配场反演的影响,结果表明只有当进行匹配场反演时设置的海底吸收系数接近真实值时,才能获得准确的海底声速、密度和海深反演结果。利用实验中矢量水听器获取的垂直质点振速信号进行匹配场反演,将海底吸收系数在变化范围内取不同值对海底声速、密度和平均海深进行全局搜索,根据代价函数值最大确定了海底声速、密度及平均海深的反演结果,并利用不同距离上的声压传播损失反演出不同频率下的海底吸收系数。根据反演得到的海底声学参数计算声压传播损失,与实验中声压水听器测量结果符合较好。     

Z-scan analysis and ab initio studies of β-BaTeMo2O9 single crystal

The Z-scan measurements for the non-centrosymmetric optical crystals β-BaTeMo₂O₉ (BTMO) were performed. The corresponding experiments were carried out using the 5 ns pulses of the second harmonic of a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser at the 532 nm wavelength. It was shown that the studied crystals possess promising third-order optical susceptibilities, which allow to use the crystal as optical limiters. The comparison with other oxide materials is presented. To clarify the origin of the observed effect, the electronic and optical properties of BTMO were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT)-based method. The performed calculations of the electronic and optical properties revealed certain peculiar features that can be suitable for the nonlinear optical applications. The relation between the observed nonlinear optical features and the calculated band structure is emphasized. The values of the calculated band gap and refractive index for β-BaTeMo₂O₉ are also reported.     

Assessing the Calibration of High-Dimensional Ensemble Forecasts Using Rank Histograms

Any decision-making process that relies on a probabilistic forecast of future events necessarily requires a calibrated forecast. This article proposes new methods for empirically assessing forecast calibration in a multivariate setting where the probabilistic forecast is given by an ensemble of equally probable forecast scenarios. Multivariate properties are mapped to a single dimension through a prerank function and the calibration is subsequently assessed visually through a histogram of the ranks of the observation’s preranks. Average ranking assigns a prerank based on the average univariate rank while band depth ranking employs the concept of functional band depth where the centrality of the observation within the forecast ensemble is assessed. Several simulation examples and a case study of temperature forecast trajectories at Berlin Tegel Airport in Germany demonstrate that both multivariate ranking methods can successfully detect various sources of miscalibration and scale efficiently to high-dimensional settings. Supplemental material in form of computer code is available online.     

Additive assisted hydrothermal synthesis,characterization and optical properties of one dimensional DyPO4:Ce3+ nanostructures

One dimensional nanostructures of cerium doped dysprosium phosphate (DyPO₄:Ce³⁺) were synthesized via hydrothermal route in the presence of different surfactants [sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dodecyl sulfosuccinate (DSS), polyvinyl pyrollidone (PVP)] and solvent [ethylene glycol and water]. The prepared nanostructures were characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectrophotometer and photoluminescence (PL) studies. The PXRD and FTIR results indicate purity, good crystallinity and effective doping of Ce³⁺ in nanostructures. SEM and TEM micrographs display nanorods, nanowires and nanobundles like morphology of DyPO₄:Ce³⁺. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) of DyPO₄:Ce³⁺nanostructures confirm the presence of dopant. UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectra of prepared compounds are used to calculate band gap and explore their optical properties. Luminescent properties of DyPO₄:Ce³⁺ was studied by using PL emission spectra. The effect of additives and solvents on the uniformity, morphology and optical properties of the nanostructures were studied in detail.     

A systematic methodology to design silica templates: Silica microemulsion formulation and nanodroplet type and size estimation

A systematic study of the design and characterization of silica-microemulsion templates is presented. The ternary phase diagrams in micro-heterogeneous systems, by using a non-ionic surfactant (Brij 30) and different silica precursors (MTEOS, TEOS, PTEOS), have been drawn. Based on Khalweit diagrams, the phase inversion temperature was estimated as close to 315 K, for both alchil (TEOS) and aril (PTEOS) types of alcoxides. By correlating the information obtained from phase diagrams at room temperature with that of size effects revealed by VIS absorption molecular probes (bromthymol blue dye), the phase inversion point, i.e. the transition point from water-in-oil to oil-in-water microemulsion, was also clearly established as corresponding to R ∼ 1. Besides technically attractive features such as a wide variety of inorganic and hybrid nanomaterials, high specific surface and highly efficient applicative properties of the final materials, the approach of silica-microemulsion-based templates can be seen as a route towards the Green Chemistry concept.     

Band alignment regulation of HfO2/SiC heterojunctions induced by PEALD with in situ NH3-plasma passivation

The efficient passivation of in situ NH₃-plasma pre-treatment and its regulation of the band alignment between HfO₂ and 4H-SiC have been investigated by XPS. With in situ NH₃-plasma passivation by PEALD, a VBO of 0.72 eV and a CBO of 1.54 eV can be obtained across the HfO₂/4H-SiC interface. The Si-O bonds components reduction in the passivated interface layers will lead to band bending or band shift at the interface and regulate the band alignments between HfO₂ and 4H-SiC. The physical mechanism investigation of band alignments can be a cornerstone for the application of HfO₂/4H-SiC heterojunctions in the high-power devices.