Bi-Sb-Te基热电薄膜温差电池离子束溅射制备与表征

本文采用离子束溅射Bi/Te和Sb/Te二元复合靶,直接制备n型Bi₂Te₃热电薄膜和p型Sb₂Te₃热电薄膜.在退火时间同为1 h的条件下,对所制备的Bi₂Te₃薄膜和Sb₂Te₃薄膜进行不同温度的退火处理,并对其热电性能进行表征.结果表明,在退火温度为150 ℃时,制备的n型Bi₂Te₃关键词： 薄膜温差电池 2Te₃薄膜')" href="#">Sb₂Te₃薄膜 2Te₃薄膜')" href="#">Bi₂Te₃薄膜 离子束溅射     

Propagation characteristics of annular laser beams passing through the reflection Bragg grating with deformation

When high-power annular laser beams produced by the unstable resonator pass through the volume Bragg grating (VBG), absorption of light in the VBG will induce a temperature increment, resulting in changes in surface distortion. Considering that the surface distortion of the grating induces index and period differences, the scalar wave equations for the annular laser beams propagating in the VBG have been solved numerically and iteratively using finite-difference and sparse matrix methods. The variation in intensity distributions, the total power reflection coefficient, and the power in the bucket (PIB) for the annular laser beams passing through the reflection VBG with deformation have been analyzed quantitatively. It can be shown that the surface distortion of the VBG and the beam orders of the annular beams affect evidently the intensity distributions, the power reflection coefficient, and the PIB of the output beam. The peak intensity decreases as the deformation of the VBG increases. The total power reflection efficiency decreases significantly with the increase in deformations of the VBG. The PIB of the output beam decreases as the obscuration ratio β and the deformation of the VBG increase. For the given obscuration ratio β, the influence of deformation of reflection VBG on the PIB of the annular beams is more sensitive with increase in distortion of the VBG and decrease in beam order.     

刻槽绝缘平行板对电子束的导向效应研究

采用不同材质的刻槽绝缘平行板,包括高纯度石英玻璃、聚四氟乙烯（Teflon）、酚醛树脂（电木）和聚甲醛板（赛钢板）,并在15 pA/mm2 ~14.3 nA/mm2范围内改变入射流强,利用1 500 eV电子束入射上述绝缘平行板,实验研究了上述平行板对电子束的导向行为。实验发现,上述电子束通过上述平行板时存在明显的导向现象,其导向行为与束流流强和绝缘材质无关。据此,可排除绝缘平行板内表面沉积电荷自组织充放电过程中,以绝缘材料的面电阻和体电阻对地泄放的线性形式放电过程。Adopting several grooved parallel plates made by different insulators, such as high-purity fused quartz, Teflon, Bakelite and POM (Polyformaldehyde), and further adjusting the electron beam current in a wide range (tens of pA~tens of nA), the discharging mechanism in the self-organizing charge and discharge processes of electron guiding was investigated and discussed by using 1 500 eV incident electron beam. The present results show that, the electron guiding behaviors are obviously existing when such electron beam is transmitted through the above grooved insulating parallel plates, which are independent on beam current and insulators. Our results suggest that, the possibilities of the accumulated charges on inner-surface of grooved parallel plates linearly discharging through surface and bulk resistances of plates into the ground should be excluded.     

同轴相对论速调管周期永磁聚焦系统的初步研究

为了探索相对论速调管放大器(RKA)的小型化技术,开展了同轴RKA周期永磁聚焦的物理与设计技术研究。周期永磁聚焦系统采用Halbach阵列结构,产生的磁场类型为周期性会切磁场。首先给出该系统的磁场各个分量的表达式,分析该系统磁场分布的特点,并推导得出该系统聚焦强流环形电子束的稳定条件。根据该稳定条件,对Ka波段同轴RKA设计了一个周期永磁聚焦系统,并优化了周期磁场参数,确定了磁场系统设计的最佳周期和幅值。研究结果显示,周期永磁(PPM)聚焦系统在周期长度18 mm和磁场幅值0.33 T的条件下可引导500 kV、6 kA的同轴RKA,得到1 GW的微波输出功率,物理分析确定了周期永磁聚焦系统应用于高功率同轴RKA的技术可能性。     

衍射和干涉理论对Bessel光传输的描述

 采用衍射积分理论和干涉理论分别对轴棱锥产生的Bessel光的传输特性进行描述,并讨论了其适用条件和优缺点。数值模拟了光传输的3维强度分布,同时进行相关参数的实验测定。数值模拟和实验结果表明：在最大无衍射距离内,衍射理论能很好地描述Bessel光的轴上光强分布,当接近或超出最大无衍射距离时,干涉理论也能较好地描述Bessel 光的强度分布,实验结果和理论分析基本吻合。     

Orbital angular momentum density and spiral spectra of Lorentz–Gauss vortex beams passing through a single slit

Based on the Hermite–Gaussian expansion of the Lorentz distribution and the complex Gaussian expansion of the aperture function, an analytical expression of the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam with one topological charge passing through a single slit is derived. By using the obtained analytical expressions, the properties of the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam passing through a single slit are numerically demonstrated. According to the intensity distribution or the phase distribution of the Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam, one can judge whether the topological charge is positive or negative. The effects of the topological charge and three beam parameters on the orbital angular momentum density as well as the spiral spectra are systematically investigated respectively. The optimal choice for measuring the topological charge of the diffracted Lorentz–Gauss vortex beam is to make the single slit width wider than the waist of the Gaussian part.     

基于正电子的反物质研究进展

正电子是最容易获得的反粒子,因而电子-正电子系统最适合研究普通物质与反物质的结合。本文结合最近实验上首次合成物质-反物质分子这个重大发现,介绍反物质(正电子)研究历史、现状及展望;重点讨论基于正电子的捕获、约束、积累等实验技术,以及物质-反物质分子——正电子素分子的合成方法。     

Raman polarization analysis of highly crystalline polyethylene fiber

The complex orientation dependence in space of Raman active vibrations in the orthorhombic structure of polyethylene (PE) is discussed in terms of Raman tensor elements as intrinsic physical parameters of the lattice. Building upon the symmetry assignment of these vibrational modes, we systematically studied, from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints, the changes of polarized intensity for the A_g and the B_2g + B_3g vibrational modes with respect to PE molecular orientation. After explicitly expanding the Raman selection rules associated with the A_g and the B_2g + B_3g modes, introducing them into general expressions of the orientation distribution function, and validating them by means of a least‐square fitting procedure on experimental data, we compare here two mesostructural models for a highly crystallized and self‐aligned PE fiber structure. Stereological arguments are shown concerning the arrangement of orthorhombic fibrils in such a sample that unfold the correct values of five independent Raman tensor elements for orthorhombic PE. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

激光干涉光刻法制作100 nm掩模

介绍了一种利用激光干涉光刻技术得到特征图形,并通过离子束刻蚀将图形转移到铬层上,从而获得掩模的方法。针对掩模透光率以及对干涉图形对比度可能产生影响的两个参数分别进行了数值仿真,从而证明此方法的可行性和参数的优化选择。自搭干涉光刻实验系统,用257 nm的激光光源实现光刻,得到特征尺寸为100 nm的图形,再经过离子束刻蚀,最终得到周期200 nm、线宽100 nm的掩模。     

高亮度白光LED用外延片的新进展

文章首先介绍了发光二极管（LED）的内量子效率、外量子效率的基本概念和提高量子效率的基本方法，接着对LED外延的结构和方法做了简要介绍．文章的第三和第四部分则着重介绍了提高内、外量子效率的外延方法，这些方法包括外延结构的优化，侧向外延生长，SiC和GaN衬底的生长，AIInGaN四元系有源区生长，非极性面、半极性面的外延，表面粗化结构生长，图形化二次外延结构．图形化蓝宝石衬底上的外延，提高载流子注入效率的结构和组分设计．文章的第五部分则介绍了基于可靠性和成本考虑的其他新型外延结构，第六部分介绍了提高LED可靠性的外延方法．最后得出结论：采用非极性面的GaN衬底，生长优化的LED结构，并结合光子晶体技术，可望取得突破性进展．