Estimating whale density from their whistling activity: Example with St. Lawrence beluga

A passive acoustic method is developed to estimate whale density from their calling activity in a monitored area. The algorithm is applied to a loquacious species, the white whale (Delphinapterus leucas), in Saguenay fjord mouth near Tadoussac, Canada, which is severely affected by shipping noise. Beluga calls were recorded from cabled coastal hydrophones deployed in the basin while the animal density was estimated visually from systematic observations from a fixed-point on the shore. Beluga calling activity was estimated from an algorithm extracting the call events in time-frequency space, while simultaneously tracking the masking intensity resulting from local shipping noise. The activity index was summarized in 15- and 30-min bins using four different metrics. For bins containing more than 40% of valid data, the metrics were compared to the corresponding visual observations. The estimated mean acoustic detection range generally exceeded the fjord width, and extended to the whole ∼3-km long monitored area under low-noise conditions. The significant linear relations of the visual estimates with the calling activity metrics allowed assessing expected number of visually detected belugas in the basin from a weighted regression model, with a mean standard error of 7.1%.     

基于PLC和无线传感器网络的光电监测系统构建

为了克服传统监测系统的不足,构建一种基于PLC和无线传感器网络的光电监测系统.在分析光电监测系统的构成及工作原理的基础上,探讨了基于遥测技术的无线光电传感器网络实现方式,研究了ABB PLC软硬件实现及FameView的开发的可行性.采用ABB公司生产的AC500 PLC作为主要控制器件,通过Modbus协议按地址依次轮询无线传感器节点来采集数据,对其进行相应处理,并将最终结果传递给上位机.上位机将获得的数据通过FameView组态软件生成监控画面,实时监测现场的运行情况.监测灵活、高效,数据采集效率较高,具备良好的扩展性.这种新型光电监测系统在企业生产、战场环境等许多军民用领域中具有重要作用.     

Progress in triboluminescence-based smart optical sensor system

Extensive research work has been done in recent times to apply the triboluminescence (TL) phenomenon for damage detection in engineering structures. Of particular note are the various attempts to apply it in the detection of impact damages in composites and aerospace structures. This is because TL-based sensor systems have a great potential for wireless, in-situ and distributed (WID) structural health monitoring when fully developed. This review article highlights development and the current state-of-the-art in the application of TL-based sensor systems. The underlying mechanisms believed to be responsible for triboluminescence, particularly in zinc sulfide manganese, a highly triboluminescent material, are discussed. The challenges militating against the full exploitation and field application of TL sensor systems are also identified. Finally, viable solutions and approaches to address these challenges are enumerated.     

Surface monitoring based on light scattering by metal nanosensors

Light scattering from objects in the proximity of surfaces is of fundamental importance in a variety of surface- and field-enhanced optical sensing, spectroscopy and microscopy applications. Here, we present surface monitoring techniques based on the spectral analysis of the scattered light by metal nanoparticles which act as sensors (nanosensors) of sample substrates interacting with them. We will focus on the detection of surface inhomogeneities by studying the modifications undergone by the local fields produced in the surrounding of the nanosensor, giving rise to spectral changes in its Plasmon Resonances. We will also describe an alternative technique where the sample information is obtained from the changes induced in the linear polarization degree of the far field scattered by the tip and due to the interaction with the sample.     

基于脉冲分组的光剂量监控新算法

精确控制脉冲激光加工光剂量是保证加工产品工艺和质量的关键。在对现有的光剂量控制算法进行分析后,提出了基于脉冲分组的光剂量监控新算法,有效提高了光剂量监测精度和反馈控制速度。设计了光剂量监控系统,实现了脉冲激光加工光剂量实时监测及反馈控制。与Ophir公司的StarLab激光能量测量系统相比,500个激光脉冲以内的总能量测量,本系统测量误差不超过±0.1 5%。对一套脉冲最大重复频率为10 kHz、单脉冲最大能量为5 mJ、恒压工作下最大能量波动为±10%的脉冲激光加工系统光剂量进行了监控实验。在本系统的监控下,可将日标光剂量为150 mJ/mm~2以内的加工光剂量控制精度和重复精度分别控制在0.90%和0.100mJ/mm~2以内,同时将光剂量反馈控制速度提高了4倍。     

分辨率对大气中痕量污染气体的DOAS测量性能影响研究

在差分吸收光谱(DOAS)测量过程中,光谱分辨率的选择直接决定了污染气体浓度的测量准确度.主要研究了光谱分辨率对污染气体被榆测到的特征吸收结构形状的影响,以及差分吸收截面随分辨率的变化趋势,从而确定了光谱分辨率对污染气体最低可检测浓度的影响,通过研究分辨率与光强的关系,确定了分辨率与信噪比(S/N)的函数关系式,得出了DOAS测量NO2,O3,和SO2的最佳信噪比范围,对多种污染物标准气体进行了同时监测,计算出标准气体在不同光谱分辨率下的测量误差,确定了对NO2,O3和SO2监测的最适用的分辨率范围.在此分辨率范围既能够实现对痕量气体的准确定性定量测量,又能达到测量所需要的高灵敏度,强选择性和适用的时间分辨率.通过在北京丰台区的实际监测得到了与点式仪器测量结果很好的一致性.     

微型数据采集器及其在加速器周围辐射场实时监测中的应用

各种类型加速器周围的辐射场变化是很复杂的, 只有对其进行连续的实时监测才能准确地掌握全面资料. 以往的数据采集系统用的是模拟信号长距离传输方式, 采集器体积较大, 存储技术上也显落后, 已不能适应当今的需求. 为辐射场实时监测研制的微型数据采集器采用了先进的设计理念, 具有体积小、通讯能力强、数据存储量大且断电数据不丢失的特点, 可运行于局域网环境. 它既可利用局域网远距离向控制计算机传递数据, 也可用便携式PC通过串口就近读取数据. 所以它不但适于固定场所的连续监测, 也可灵活地用于临时测量场所. 介绍了它的主要性能和在各类型加速器周围所做测量的结果.     

SE-MCNN-CTC的中文语音识别声学模型

针对国内外缺少对振动轮噪声预估的问题,以某型振动轮为研究对象,首先基于动力学有限元理论对振动轮进行频率响应分析,其次采用声学边界元技术对振动轮辐射噪声进行了数值模拟,并通过实验验证了仿真结果的准确性,然后比较了垂直振动与圆周振动两种不同激振形式对辐射噪声的影响,得出垂直振动辐射噪声低的结论,最后对驾驶室声腔模态进行了仿真,与振动轮激振频率相近发生共振。通过调整激振频率,降低了司机耳旁噪声。所得研究成果可为振动轮辐射噪声的预估与改进提供一种切实可行的参考依据。     

膜厚监控系统的光谱宽度对窄带滤光片性能的影响

讨论了膜厚监控系统的光谱宽度对波分复用窄带滤光片特性的影响,分析了监控过程中所出现的信号异常现象,其主要原因是控制光光谱宽度以及控制波长与滤光片中心波长不一致,所以控制光光谱分辨率必须小于单个法布里-珀罗滤光片最后2层膜折转点波长宽度的一半,即对100GHz的滤光片,监控系统的光谱宽度必须小于0．2nm。一旦产生中心波长偏离,就必定产生厚度控制误差。讨论了高折射率膜和低折射率膜的信号变化规律,发现当中心波长比监控波长长时,虽然信号变化规律正确,但判读到极值时的膜厚变薄。中心波长偏离越长,厚度将越薄。而当中心波长比监控波长短时,信号将出现反转。中心波长越短,反转量越大。最后指出了监控误差对滤光片Tmax和半峰全宽的影响。     

Investigation of scattering of elastic waves by cylinders in 1-3 piezocomposites

The scattering behavior of P-waves in piezoelectric composites with 1–3 connectivity is studied. The method of wave function expansion is adopted for the theoretical derivations. Analytical expressions are obtained for the distributions of mechanical displacement in z-direction along the circumferences of piezoelectric cylinders. These solutions are used to study the influence of each element of the stiffness matrix and the piezoelectric matrix on the various resonant modes of vibration. Numerical results obtained indicate that perturbations of the elements c₄₄ and e₁₅ significantly affect resonant frequencies and amplitudes, perturbations of c₁₁ and c₁₂ have pronounced effects on resonant modes of high frequencies also. However, the resonant modes are not so sensitive to the perturbations of c₁₃, e₃₁ and e₃₃. The dynamic characteristics of 1–3 connectivity piezoelectric composites exposed here are meaningful for the design and manufacture of sensor/actuator elements by this kind of composites as well as the on-line health monitoring of the mechanical properties variations of the composites itself.