多位置可见/近红外光谱检测与种鸡蛋受精信息的关系研究

种鸡蛋孵化过程耗时、耗能,但种蛋由于未受精导致胚胎发育率不足100%,种鸡蛋孵化早期快速判别,可有效提高种蛋孵化效率和降低经济损失。近红外光谱分析技术可实现快速、无损检测,用于判别研究孵化早期种鸡蛋受精信息,但现有光谱检测方法未能满足孵化早期受精判别位置要求,亟需构建采集数据时的检测位置与内部信息之间的关系。该研究利用可见/近红外光谱检测系统采集种蛋壳漫反射光谱强度,试验选用壳色相近、表面无裂纹的181个新鲜种鸡蛋,从中随机选择61个样本完成交叉验证。为消除暗电流的影响,进行光谱校正,得出种蛋壳漫反射率,发现受精蛋与未受精蛋的光谱曲线趋势相同,受精蛋和无精蛋赤道处的光谱曲线均高于两端。剔除光谱曲线两端噪声大、信噪比低的波段,选择440.27～874.6 nm作为有效光谱波段,并采用Savitzkg-Golay（S-G）平滑法、二阶导数法Second Derivative、标准正态变量校正SNV、变量标准化Normalization和多元散射校正MSC预处理法分别构建PCA-SVM判别模型。通过对入孵后24,48,72,96和120 h不同位置所采光谱数据,与受精信息综合分析,结果发现二阶导数法Second Derivative和多元散射校正MSC两种预处理方式在同一时间、不同位置的训练集和验证集的判别准确率均相同,说明这两种预处理方法对数据来源位置不敏感;变量标准化Normalization预处理和S-G平滑法预处理验证集的判别准确率则随着时间的推移在一定范围内波动,在种鸡蛋胚胎发育120h时的判别准确率可达91.71%;SNV预处理赤道处验证集判别准确率随着时间的推移呈现上升趋势,对数据来源时间及位置敏感,种鸡蛋胚胎发育越长判别效果越佳,120 h赤道侧的判别准确率为91.16%。且平滑处理、标准正态变量校正和变量标准化三种预处理方式均存在赤道侧判别准确率高于种蛋端部的现象,这主要是由于赤道侧较种鸡蛋两端表面平缓,采集到的信息更多,该研究为早期判别受精蛋与无精蛋的数据采集位置提供新思路和新方法。     

Vision system for three-dimensional position measurement based on stereo disparity

A stereo disparity-based range finding technique was developed for measuring three-dimensional coordinates of object points. It used an image-matching algorithm which functionally consisted of scene reduction, epipolar line selection, and features matching. Experiments implementing this technique were performed on an industrial vision system. An error analysis indicated that image resolution was the major source of measurement inaccuracy.     

Position control and extra-column effects of a microelectrode detector in open-tubular column liquid chromatography

A liquid chromatography system with a potentiometric microelectrode at the exit end of an open-tubular LC column of 3.5m i. d. nearly shows the theoretically [2, 10] predicted performance of 980 000 theoretical plates for non-retained components at a retention time of a few minutes. Possibilities of controlling the position of the microelectrode tip are given. A distance of one column i. d. between detector and column leads to a loss in column performance of about 15%.     

吲哚衍生物的1H NMR谱研究

通过对¹H-¹H COSY谱的分析, 鉴定了两个同分异构体吲哚衍生物取代基团的位置，并对其氢谱进行了分析，对其谱峰进行了归属. 比较了一系列吲哚衍生物类似物的的氢谱，发现其氢谱呈现一定规律，并分析了其原因.     

激光棒位置对热不灵敏凹凸腔运转特性的影响

以典型商用凹凸谐振腔为例，系统地分析了激光棒位置对热不灵敏腔运转特性的影响，对有关结果进行了讨论．     

Thickening process of polyethylene single crystals at an early stage of annealing

By the use of a position sensitive proportional counter, changes in small and wide angle X-ray scattering during annealing of polyethylene single crystal mats were measured from the start in successive spans of very short measuring time. At high temperatures, the long period relating to stacking of lamellae rapidly increased at an early stage, passed through a plateau, and thereafter again increased gradually. With a decrease in annealing temperature, the amount of its first rapid increase was reduced and the plateau changed into an ascending slope. At much lower annealing temperatures, the long period increased following the logt law after an induction time. The integral breadth of a peak corresponding to the long period first increased rapidly, simultaneously with the rapid increase in the long period, and thereafter decreased. Wide angle X-ray measurement showed that the integrated intensity of 110 reflection first decreased and then increased during annealing at high temperatures. This fall and rise process was more marked, when the annealing temperature is higher and the initial thickness of lamellae is smaller. From these observations, it was inferred that in the thickening process, stacking order of lamellae at first decreased because of rapid reorganization due to partial melting or melt-recrystallization and subsequently increased through increasing evenness of lamellar thickness.     

Effects of lung volume on vertical larynx position during phonation

The vertical position of the larynx seems to be relevant to voicefunction. As a high vertical larynx position is often seen in hyperfunctional and strained voices, a lowering of a habitually elevated larynx is sometimes a specific goal in clinical voice therapy and different larynx-lowering exercises are used to achieve this goal. Earlier investigations have shown that pitch and to some extent also vocal loudness are relevant to vertical larynx position. In the present investigation, we examine if lung volume affects vertical larynx position. Using a multi-channel electroglottograph, the larynx position was measured in 29 healthy, vocally untrained subjects, who phonated at different lung volumes, pitches, and degrees of vocal loudness. The main results were that high lung volume was clearly associated with a lower larynx position as compared to low lung volume. In addition, vertical larynx position was strongly correlated with pitch. Both of these dependencies were shown to be stronger in males than in females. Our results suggest that lung volume is a factor that is highly relevant to larynx height in untrained subjects.     

位移测量中真空室偶极涡流的影响及其扣除

一、真空室上偶极涡流对测量的影响 在托卡马克放电中,出现宏观不稳定性时,等离子体电流会出现小的正尖峰,并在整个大环上沿水平方向向内快速收缩。这时真空室(薄不锈钢壳)上会感应出很大偶极涡流,如图1所示,真空室上偶极电流分布为     

激子位置不同微腔有机电致发光器件性能模拟

微腔有机电致发光器件(MOLED)的发光特性直接与微腔的结构相关,可以根据微腔器件的相关计算公式,运用传输矩阵法对MOLED进行模拟设计。本文对微腔总长度L=λ/2(λ:中心波长)不变情况下,激子在微腔内不同位置复合发光的电致发光(EL)光谱性能进行模拟并比较。结果表明:发光谱的峰值都在所设计的中心波长520nm处,半峰全宽(FWHM)都是17nm,激子处在微腔的中心区域时,峰值强度和积分强度都是最大,这是因为激子此时位于腔内电场的最大值处,偏离此处的两侧逐渐变小。以上结果表明:要制作出高效率的MOLED,必须使激子处于微腔内的最佳位置处。     

10m×10m大靶面激光立靶设计

针对10m×10m大靶面、高精度立靶坐标测量的要求,提出了一种激光阵列式光电立靶坐标测量系统,该立靶采用半导体激光平行光管形成平行光光源,高灵敏度光电二极管及相应信号放大、转换电路组成接收阵列,光源和接收器件相距10m,当飞行弹丸穿越激光形成的光幕时,分别在X和Y方向上挡住了投射在某一个或几个光电二极管上的光线,该光电二极管对应的信号放大、转换电路将二极管产生的微弱电信号放大、整形,最后输出脉冲信号,后续信号编码识别电路将判断出被挡住光线的光电二极管的编号,进而得出弹丸穿越该光幕的X坐标和Y坐标。经实弹试验证明,系统具有测量靶面大,精度高的优点。