Effect of Aluminum Alloy Surface Modification on Adhesion of the Modified Polyurethane Coating and Its Corrosion Protective Performance北大核心CSCD

The ordinary organic coatings on aluminum alloy usually encounter a problem of low adhesion to the substrate, which results in destruction and failure of the long-term protective performance of the anticorrosion systems. The surface modification of aluminum alloy is able to enhance the adhesion of organic coating on aluminum alloys, and to improve their protective performance. In this work, a combined surface modification of anodic oxidation and mussel adhesion protein/CeO2/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane composite film (MCA) was developed on the aluminum alloy. The adhesion of modified polyurethane coated on the treated aluminum alloy and its corrosion protective performance were evaluated comprehensively by using contact angle, adhesion strength, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning reference electrode technique (SRET). The measurements of EIS and SRET demonstrated that the MCA composite film on anodic oxidized Al possessed self-healing function and provided effective protection against early corrosion of aluminum alloy. The pull-off test showed that both anodic oxidation treatment and MCA composite film modification were able to increase the adhesion of modified polyurethane coating on aluminum alloy, and their combined action were supposed to remarkably enhance the adhesion strength up to 17.1 MPa. The reason for the improvement of adhesion was that the anodic oxidation treatment and MCA composite film modification could improve the surface roughness of aluminum alloy, and enhance the surface wettability and surface polarity, which is beneficent to enhance the bonding of the modified polyurethane coating to aluminum alloy surface. The EIS results showed that no any corrosion occurred for the modified polyurethane coating on the treated aluminum alloy during 65 d immersion in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution. The impedance value in low frequency range of the modified polyurethane coating always maintained at a high order of magnitude on the aluminum alloy treated by anodic oxidation and MCA composite film modification, showing an excellent protective performance of the coating system. The evaluation of Neutral Salt Spray (NSS) indicated that the modified polyurethane coating on the treated aluminum alloy owned superior corrosion protection performance, and the adhesion strength remained 13.1 MPa and no any corrosion was found at the scratch locations even after 1200 h of salt spray testing. It was concluded that combination of anodic oxidation and MCA composite film were capable of significantly improving the adhesion of modified polyurethane coating on aluminum alloy and providing long-term effective corrosion protection for aluminum alloy. © 2021 Authors. All rights reserved.     

利用手持技术探究铁的电化学腐蚀实验*

借助手持技术,利用电压传感器和pH传感器测定不同酸碱性环境下金属铁发生电化学腐蚀的模拟原电池电压变化情况,探究金属铁发生析氢腐蚀和吸氧腐蚀对应的pH范围,帮助学生深入理解铁的电化学腐蚀原理,感受化学定量实验的魅力。     

物理化学教学中安全工程教育的融合与内化实例*

如何强化安全工程教育是化学化工类专业高等教育的一个重要课题。通过对蒸汽锅炉爆炸、火灾爆燃事故以及锈蚀危害等3个实例的详细讲述,指出在物理化学的教学中,若适时融入相关的安全工程教育,可以使学生深刻理解安全事故发生及防范所依赖的物理化学原理,从而起到安全意识的内化作用。教学中现代教育技术的引入可以增强这一效果。     

Glow Discharge Characteristics of Hollow Needle-Plate Electrode in Atmospheric Pressure ArgonSCIEI北大核心CSCD

Atmosphere pressure uniform plasma has the broad application prospect in the industrial field. Using hollow needle cathode - plate anode device excited by direct-current voltage, a uniform and stable glow discharge is generated at atmospheric pressure in ambient air with argon used as working gas. The influence of the experimental parameters (including gas flow rate and the gas gap width) on discharge has been investigated by optical method. It can be found that a glow-discharge plasma column can bridge the two electrodes. The plasma column is uniform, and no filaments can be discerned. Near the plate electrode, the diameter of the plasma column is largest of all positions. The maximal diameter of the plasma column increases with increasing the discharge current or the gas flow rate. Through electrical method, the voltage-current characteristic has been investigated. It has been found that the discharge voltage decreases with increasing the current which is similar with the characteristic of glow discharge in low pressure. It increases with increasing the gas gap width or the gas flow rate. By analyzing the optical emission spectrum scanning from 330 to 450 nm emitted from the direct-current glow discharge, the molecular vibrational temperature and the intensity ratio of spectral lines I-391.4/I-337.1 have been investigated as functions of the gas flow rate and gas gap width. Results indicate that both the vibrational temperature and the intensity ratio of spectral lines I-391.4/I-337.1 decrease with increasing the gas flow rate or the gas gap width. In addition, the molecular vibrational temperature and the intensity ratio of spectral lines I-391.4/I-337.1 have been investigated in spatial resolution along the direction of gas flow(plasma column axial), and give a qualitative analysis as well. It is found that the vibrational temperature and the average electron energy increase with increasing the distance from the hollow needle cathode. These results are important to the industrial applications of glow discharge.     

用瑞利激光雷达16年观测数据分析合肥地区大气密度分布特征

介绍了L625瑞利激光雷达系统结构以及基于瑞利散射理论探测大气分子数密度的原理.提出了反复迭代修正大气透过率的计算方法,并通过模拟仿真验证了该算法的可靠性.通过误差分析得到影响大气分子密度不确定度的主要因素为回波信号信噪比以及参考点处大气分子数密度值,给出了回波信号误差产生的主要来源以及参考点选取方法.最后,分析了激光雷达16年观测数据反演的结果,得到合肥地区大气分子数密度的月份以及年份分布状况,结果表明:中层大气分子数密度分布呈现明显的季节性分布特征,冬季分布稀疏,夏季分布密集,随年份分布则较为平稳.通过将统计平均得到的密度廓线与1976美国标准大气模式比对分析,发现由激光雷达观测反演得到的结果较模式值大,二者的比值在1.05～1.13之间.     

Surface characteristics and electrochemical behaviour of sputter-deposited NiTi thin film

Thin nanocrystalline amorphous NiTi film was deposited on Si substrate using DC magnetron sputtering. The as-deposited NiTi thin film was crystallized by heat treatment at 500 °C for 1 h. The crystal structure, surface morphology, microstructure and surface chemistry of the deposited films were studied using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Corrosion behaviour was assessed in Ringer’s solution at 37 °C by open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a function of exposure time. OCP values indicate that the tendency for the formation of a spontaneous oxide film is greater for the NiTi thin films than the bulk NiTi. Long time exposure to Ringer’s solution was found to have a great effect on the corrosion behaviour of the samples. Significantly low corrosion current density was obtained for the annealed NiTi film from the potentiodynamic polarization curves indicating a typical passive behaviour, but as-deposited film and bulk NiTi alloy exhibited breakdown of passivity at potentials approximately +1.4 V (vs. SCE). XPS showed that the oxide film formed on the annealed NiTi thin film mainly composed of Ti oxides, and no evidence of Ni was found up to 8.2 nm beneath the top surface, suggesting the excellent corrosion resistance of this sample in Ringer’s solution.     

Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition

We demonstrate the surface treatment of graphene using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) system. The graphene was synthesized by a thermal chemical vapor deposition with methane gas. A Mo foil and a SiO₂ wafer covered by Ni films were employed to synthesize monolayer and mixed-layered graphene, respectively. The home-built APPJ system was ignited using nitrogen gas to functionalize the graphene surface, and we studied the effect of different treatment times and interdistance between the plasma jet and the graphene surface. After the APPJ treatment, the hydrophobic character of graphene surface changed to hydrophilic. We found that the change is due to the formation of functionalities such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the nitrogen plasma treatment induced charge doping on graphene, and the pyridinic nitrogen component in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum was significantly enhanced. We conclude that the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment enables controlling the graphene properties without introducing surface defects.     

Electropolymerized coatings of poly(o‐anisidine) and poly(o‐anisidine)‐TiO2 nanocomposite on aluminum alloy 3004 by using the galvanostatic method and their corrosion protection performance

Poly(o‐anisidine) (POA) and poly(o‐anisidine)‐TiO₂ (POA‐TiO₂) nanocomposite coatings on aluminum alloy 3004 (AA3004) have been investigated by using the galvanostatic method. The electrosynthesized coatings were characterized by FT ‐ IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM ‐ EDX and SEM. The corrosion protection performance of POA and POA‐TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings was investigated in the 3.5% NaCl solution by using potentiodynamic polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the corrosion rate of the nanocomposite coatings is about 900 times lower than the bare AA3004 under optimal conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铝合金表面电偶腐蚀与电子功函数的关系

铝合金中经常会引入一些第二相来改善其性能,第二相由于和铝基体的电位差不同,将会对铝合金的局部腐蚀产生重大的影响.为了揭示铝合金腐蚀的物理本质,本文利用基于密度泛函理论第一性原理的计算方法,详细计算了铝合金中一些主要第二相(Al_2Cu、Al_3Ti和Al_7Cu_2Fe)的多种晶面的电子功函数,分析了电子从各个晶面逸出的难易,求得了第二相与Al基体的本征电势差,我们发现不同的晶面暴露在合金最外层,会显著地影响本征电势差;即便是同一晶面,暴露在最外层的原子种类和构型不同,对腐蚀的影响也不一样.从电子的层面解释了电偶腐蚀发生的原因.     

多孔金属有机框架材料作为锂金属负极保护层助力长寿命锂氧气电池

在众多能源储存系统中,锂氧气电池以其高达3500 Wh·kg^-1的理论能量密度有望在性能上超越商用锂离子电池.然而,在电池充放电过程中,金属锂不可控的枝晶生长和严重的腐蚀问题极大地阻碍了锂氧气电池的发展.为了解决以上问题,制备了一种具有高比表面积、丰富孔道结构的金属有机框架材料（MOF-801）,并将其设计成金属锂负极的保护层应用在锂氧气电池中.在本工作中,成功合成了具有高达762.9 m²·g^-1比表面积,边长约为800 nm的立方体状纯净MOF-801材料.并且这种材料表现出对于有机电解液体系（四乙二醇二甲醚1 mol·L^-1三氟甲基磺酸锂）和强还原性的金属锂都具有很好的稳定性.得益于该材料丰富的孔道结构以及高比表面积,锂离子得以更均匀地分布在电极表面促进金属锂均匀沉积,有效避免了由于枝晶刺破隔膜而导致的短路甚至火灾事故.此外,MOF-801保护层本身的阻隔作用和材料捕捉水的特性可以帮助减少污染物质（水、氧气、强氧化性物质等）的穿梭效应带来的副反应,缓解锂氧气电池中金属锂负极的腐蚀情况.因此,将经过保护的金属锂组装成的对称电池进行测试,循环寿命长达800 h,同时充/放电过电势仅为0.023 V（未经保护的电池寿命仅为254 h,最终充/放电过电势高达5 V）,且循环阻抗大大降低,证明了这种策略有效地稳定了金属锂/电解液界面.将经过MOF材料保护的电极实际应用在锂氧气电池中,在限容量1000 mAh·g^-1,限电流500 mA·g^-1条件下,可以实现长达170圈的稳定长寿命的循环（是未经保护的电池寿命的2.88倍）.使用MOF-801保护层的锂氧气电池还表现出了高达8935 mAh·g^-1的高比容量.因此,本工作所报道的保护层策略为未来的碱金属空气电池负极保护领域提供了新颖的视角.