单臂压缩感知鬼成像的光强扩散函数分析法

为了提高单臂压缩感知鬼成像的成像质量,减少成像系统本身和外部环境的干扰,提出了一种光强扩散函数分析方法.在单臂压缩感知鬼成像原理的基础上分析了成像过程,指出降低成像质量的主要因素是菲涅尔衍射和大气湍流.针对这两个因素,推导并分析了光强度扩散函数的公式,研究透镜的焦距与口径之比和照明光源的波长对鬼成像的影响.仿真结果表明:在单臂压缩感知鬼成像中,使用焦距与尺寸半径之比在2~5范围内的成像投影透镜可以消除衍射效应的影响;短波长光源适用于大气湍流较弱时的成像,长波长光源在大气湍流较强时对干扰有更好的耐受能力.该方法可以有效地提高成像质量并优化成像系统.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中微量镓

用硝酸、硫酸、氢氟酸分解处理样品,4%(V/V)硝酸提取,以硫酸铵(1%)+(0.5mg/mL)钒作为基体改进剂,塞曼效应扣除背景,石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定。该方法快速简便,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%—2.9%,回收率在98.0%—106.0%之间。     

临近空间高空气球地基探测能力分析

基于探测系统背景辐射特性及高空气球辐射特性,建立了探测系统辐射接收模型.考虑大气传输、光学系统成像、探测器及其采样对辐射的影响,精确计算了高空气球辐射及背景辐射在探测器焦平面阵列上产生的信号电子数,推导出用于高空气球探测的信噪比.利用Modtran软件仿真计算了自身辐射、镜背景辐射、漫背景辐射亮度,分析了复杂大气条件下的气球辐射特性,及高空气球镜反射率、漫反射率与积分时间对探测系统信噪比的影响.结果表明:采用光谱滤波技术,在晴朗无云天气下,可见光近红外(0.6~2.4)探测器适合高空气球探测;在复杂大气条件下,长波红外(8~12)探测器适合高空气球探测;在积分时间为0.25s,镜反射率为0.32,漫反射率为0.68时,或积分时间为1s,镜反射率0.43,漫反射率0.57时,探测系统对高空气球探测能力最强.     

利用发射光谱进行常压介质阻挡放电等离子体诊断及其在材料表面改性上的应用(英文)

使用介质阻挡放电光谱诊断装置,对常压介质阻挡放电在材料改性过程中的等离子体发射光谱进行测量,记录和比较了空气、氦气和氩气常压介质阻挡放电等离子体发射光谱,并运用氩元素谱线的相对强度来诊断电子温度等物理参量,以达到对材料表面改性过程的实时监控。工作的结果对常压介质阻挡放电及其在材料改性上的应用具有重要的意义     

Long-term trend in CHF2Cl (HCFC-22) from high spectral resolution infrared solar absorption measurements and comparison with in situ measurements

The average tropospheric volume mixing ratio of CHF₂Cl (HCFC-22) has been retrieved from a time series of high spectral resolution ground-based infrared solar absorption spectra recorded with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer located at the U.S. National Solar Observatory facility on Kitt Peak in southern Arizona (31.9°N, 111.6°W, 2.09 km altitude) for the time period October 1987–November 2002. The retrievals are based on fits to the well-isolated, unresolved 2ν₆ Q branch at 829.05 cm⁻¹ and the SFIT2 retrieval algorithm. The measured daily averages show a near linear rise per year in the mean tropospheric volume mixing ratio as a function of time with a best fit yielding an average increase rate of (5.66±0.15) parts per trillion (10⁻¹²) by volume per year, corresponding to (6.47±0.17)%yr⁻¹, 1 sigma, at the beginning of the time series. The tropospheric mixing ratios retrieved from the solar spectra have been compared with monthly average surface flask sampling measurements from the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory (CMDL) station at Niwot Ridge, Colorado (40.0°N, 105.5°W, 3013 m altitude), archived measurement from the same location, and early CMDL northern hemisphere Pacific cruise measurements. The average ratio of the retrieved tropospheric mixing ratio relative to the CMDL surface mixing ratio is 1.053 for the overlapping 1987 to 2002 time period. The retrieved mean tropospheric mixing ratio is consistent with the surface measurements within the errors estimated for the remote sensing observations.     

Comparison of single and multiple scattering approaches for the simulation of limb-emission observations in the mid-IR

The validity of single scattering radiative transfer calculations for simulation of limb-emission measurements of clouds in the mid-infrared spectral region was investigated by comparison with a multiple scattering model. For in limb direction optically thin clouds, like polar stratospheric clouds, errors of the single scattering scheme range below 3%. For optically thick clouds deviations are below 3% in case of low single scattering albedo (ω₀=0.24) increasing up to 10-30% for ω₀=0.84. Clouds which are optically thick in limb, but thin in nadir direction, can cause limb radiances which are by a factor of 1.7 higher than the blackbody radiance at cloud altitude.     

大气压直流激励空气等离子体羽发光的时空演化

在针-针电极结构的放电装置中以环境空气作为工作气体,大气压下产生了刷形等离子体羽。尽管使用的是直流电源,但放电发光呈现出脉冲性质,发光脉冲频率几乎不受气体流速的影响,但与电源输出功率成正相关关系。等离子体羽的长度与气体流速或者电源功率成正相关关系。通道出口附近,777.4 nm的氧原子谱线强度分布是非对称的,阴极附近处的谱线强度高于阳极附近处的谱线强度。远离通道出口位置,谱线强度逐渐趋于轴对称分布。电学特性和10 μs曝光高速影像结果表明,空气等离子体羽实际上是由拱形放电丝在远离通道出口的运动过程中叠加而成,同时放电从弧光放电丝向均匀辉光放电转化。     

FY-2水汽通道光谱响应测量大气污染评估和订正

由于无法实现真空测量,大气吸收作用会对实验室光谱响应(SRF)测量产生污染。为了提高光谱定标精度,通过敏感性试验定量评估了大气污染对水汽通道实验室光谱响应测量的影响,并以FY-2D为例进行了光谱响应污染订正,分析了光谱污染带来的通道辐射计算误差。不同测量环境的敏感性模拟结果表明： 大气吸收导致光谱测量曲线产生显著波动,强吸收光谱处的响应减弱,致使依赖于SRF的通道辐射计算结果被高估。光谱污染带来的通道亮温偏差随着水汽含量的增加呈指数增长趋势,偏差大于0.5 K且仅在等效水平路径小于1 m相对湿度低于15%的干燥环境下小于1 K。4 m水平路径35%相对湿度的情况下,亮温偏差可大于4 K。FY-2系列卫星水汽通道的光谱响应都存在不同程度的大气污染现象。利用水平大气透过率光谱,通过光谱比值的方法,对FY-2D的SRF进行订正。订正后SRF的异常波动被基本消除,曲线分布更加光滑合理。理论分析结果表明： 大气污染导致FY-2D在典型大气条件下大气层顶的通道亮温模拟偏高2.2 K,黑体辐射进而辐射定标高估7.6%。大气吸收对实验室光谱定标的影响非常显著,不仅对水汽通道对所有气体吸收通道都不能忽略。实验室光谱定标不能忽略大气吸收的影响,应该通过扣除大气透过率的影响的方式对测量光谱响应进行订正。     

部分相干光在大气湍流中的到达角起伏

研究了部分相干高斯谢尔光束在大气湍流中的到达角起伏.主要采用湍流内外尺度的修正Von Karmon谱模型及广义惠更斯-菲涅尔原理和交叉谱密度函数推导出了部分相干光在大气湍流中的到达角起伏表达式.对比分析了湍流内外尺度、湍流强度、传输距离、源相干参数以及波长等参数对部分相干光在大气湍流水平路径上传输时的到达角起伏的影响.结果表明:随着传输距离的增加,到达角起伏越来越小;随着大气湍流内外尺度和源相干参数的增加,到达角起伏也越来越大;与部分相干光相比,完全相干光的到达角起伏受湍流影响很小;随着波长和湍流强度的减小,到达角起伏越来越小.     

Adaptive detection technique for optical wireless communication over strong turbulence channels

Optical wireless communication (OWC) systems use the atmosphere as a propagation medium, so the atmospheric turbulence effects lead to fading related with signal intensity. The received signal of OWC over strong turbulence channels is assumed to be a mixture of K-distributed fading and Gaussian distributed thermal noise. Second-order spectral analysis is unable to separately estimate the mixed signal. In order to mitigate the fading induced by turbulence, the decision threshold-updating algorithm based on second and higher order cumulants is proposed and is able to operate in an unknown turbulence environment. The performance of the adaptive processing scheme has been evaluated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Simulation results show the improvement of the bit error rate (BER) performance.