Complexity of Fracturing in Terms of Non-Extensive Statistical Physics: From Earthquake Faults to Arctic Sea Ice Fracturing

Fracturing processes within solid Earth materials are inherently a complex phenomenon so that the underlying physics that control fracture initiation and evolution still remain elusive. However, universal scaling relations seem to apply to the collective properties of fracturing phenomena. In this article we present a statistical physics approach to fracturing based on the framework of non-extensive statistical physics (NESP). Fracturing phenomena typically present intermittency, multifractality, long-range correlations and extreme fluctuations, properties that motivate the NESP approach. Initially we provide a brief review of the NESP approach to fracturing and earthquakes and then we analyze stress and stress direction time series within Arctic sea ice. We show that such time series present large fluctuations and probability distributions with “fat” tails, which can exactly be described with the q-Gaussian distribution derived in the framework of NESP. Overall, NESP provide a consistent theoretical framework, based on the principle of entropy, for deriving the collective properties of fracturing phenomena and earthquakes.     

高校省级物理实验教学示范中心的建设和发展

基于创建＂省级物理实验教学示范中心＂的实践过程,介绍了安徽大学物理实验中心的建设和发展状况。本着＂培养具有创新思维和创新能力的优秀人才＂为目标的教学理念,中心实施了具有针对性的、多方位的大学物理实验教学改革,创建和实践了多元的教学模式、科学的管理手段和合理的师资队伍建设等建设体系,教学质量得到了显著的提高。     

开放型物理实验室精细化管理的探索

物理实验室的开放和精细化管理,是各高校必须面对的问题。从实验室开放的作用和方法以及实验项目改革等方面进行了简要的论述和探索。     

基于C~#的大学物理实验数据处理软件的设计

针对大学物理实验中部分实验手工数据处理＂难＂和＂繁＂的问题,利用C#开发设计大学物理实验数据处理专用软件,用于对实验数据进行数值计算和分析。教学实践表明,该软件使得实验数据处理过程简便,大大提高实验效率,实验教学效果良好。     

激光等离子体中横场坍塌形成的密度空穴

强激光与等离子体相互作用时在临界面附近发生强烈的波-波、波-粒相互作用,原来均匀分布的横等离子体波在调制不稳定作用下,发生坍塌破碎,局域化的高强度横等离激元通过有质动力排斥粒子形成密度空穴,同时诱发出高强度的低频磁场.采用从伏拉索夫方程和麦克斯韦方程组导出的非线性控制方程,数值模拟了非静态极限情况下无碰撞等离子体中密度空穴和低频磁场的演化过程.     

相干反馈无序激光器中的光局域化及对Sushil Mujumdar实验的解释

提出了相干反馈无序激光器中同时存在两种光局域化,第一种是循环光散射回路使光子局域于回路,第二种是无序介质中的散射粒子使光子局域于整个增益介质,并以此阐述了相干反馈无序激光器的工作原理.关于第一种局域化,提出了较少散射粒子组成的循环光散射回路更容易激射.关于第二种光局域化,得到了增益区域为立方体时激光光子的平均寿命.在上面的基础上,较好地解释了由Sushil Mujumdar等人报告的一个新的实验现象.     

B→0+(1+)+ missing energy in unparticle physics

We examine the effects of an unparticle U as a possible source of missing energy in the p-wave decays of a B meson. The dependence of the differential branching ratio on the K0* (K1) - meson's energy is discussed in the presence of scalar and vector unparticle operators and significant deviation from the standard model value is found after addition of these operators. Finally, we have shown the dependence of the branching ratio for the above-mentioned decays on the parameters of unparticle stuff like effective couplings, cutoff scale Au and the scale dimensions du.     

The mathematization of the individual sciences — Revisited

We recall major findings of a systematic investigation of the mathematization of the individual sciences, conducted by the author in Bielefeld some 35 years ago under the direction of Klaus Krickeberg, and confront them with recent developments in physics, medicine, economics, and spectral geometry. Dedicated to the 80th birthday of Klaus Krickeberg     

WHEPP-X: Report of the working group on cosmology

This is a summary of the activities of the working group on cosmology at WHEPP-X. The three main problems that were discussed at some length by the group during the course of the workshop were (i) canceling a ‘large’ cosmological constant, (ii) non-Gaussianities in inflationary models and (iii) stability of interacting models of dark energy and dark matter. We have briefly outlined these problems and have indicated the progress made.      

在临床专业开设“医学影像物理基础”选修课的一点尝试

通过分析医学院校课程设置现状,提出开设医学影像物理基础选修课程的必要性.介绍了为适应该课程难度大、学时少、教学方法必须改革的需要,研制三维动画学习软件,编写特色教材实现教材立体化的初步实践的情况.