弱衰变Bd→J/ψKS中的CP破坏与新物理

最近BaBar与Belle国际合作组对弱衰变Bd→J/ψKS 中的CP破坏测量结果似乎暗示有新物理存在于B0d-B0d 混合.为此给出一个模型无关的分析,以说明新物理对标准模型结果的可能修正.特别强调,即使实验证明Bd→J/ψKS 中的CP破坏效应与标准模型的预言相符,仍然有可能存在新物理.     

On biomembrane electrodiffusive models

Two models are used in the literature, to study the electric behaviour of cellular membranes such as in protein aggregates, excitable media or ionic currents for examples. The first one is the Electroneutral Model based on Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations with a specific condition of microscopic electroneutrality. The second one is the Cable Model valid for long wavelengths based on an analogy between an electric cable and a cell. Convincing experiments have justified the Cable equation. First, we show that these two models are in contradiction. More precisely the assumption of electroneutrality is not considered in the Cable Model. The main difference between the two models is highlighted by the analysis of the well known voltage instability due to a negative differential conductance. Then, we derive a new semi-microscopic model (the Biomembrane Electrodiffusive Model, called BEM) valid for phenomena at any wavelength. The BEM is based on Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations but, doesn't imply microscopic electroneutrality. It reveals the capacitive behaviour of the membrane. In the limit of long wavelengths, one recovers the behaviour described within the Cable framework, as shown precisely in the study of the negative differential conductance analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the intimate link between the last models: the Cable Model appears as the limit of the BEM for large wavelengths with some prerequisites which are discussed. The effects of geometry and asymmetrical media are introduced. Received: 8 November 1996 / Revised: 23 July 1997 and 8 December 1997 / Accepted: 23 January 1998     

Mass and magnetic moment of Σ− by the exotic atom method

The energies and lineshapes of five circular transitions (n = 15 → n = 14 through n = 11 → = 10) of the Σ^?Pb atom were measured wit of the transitions 15 → 14 through 12 → 11 were determined; these energies were compared with energies calculated from quantum electrodynamics, and the mass of Σ^? was adjusted to achieve a best fit. The result was m_Σ^? = 1197.24 ±0.15 MeV. The lineshape of the 12→11 transition, which is broadened by the fine structure, has been analyzed to extract the magnetic moment of Σ^?. The result was μ_Σ^? = ?1.40_?0.28^+0.41or 0.651_?0.40^+0.28 nuclear magnetons. Comparisons with SU (3) predictions are made.     

Far-infrared-solar imaging from a balloon-borne platform

Far-infrared solar imaging with a balloonborne 60 cm-diameter Cassegrain telescope is described and related to previous solar observations in the millimeter range, the ir, vis and uv spectral regions. Solar images have been taken at 50 m, 80 m and 200 m and represented as brightness temperature maps. The spectral windows observed correspond to the transition zone chromosphere-phocosphere of the solar atmosphere with a characteristic temperature minimum. Temperature enhancements of a few 100 K over the temperature of the quiet sun are reported for active solar regions, e.g. plages and sunspot regions. Far-infrared images provide less spatial resolution but more reliable temperature assignements than corresponding white-light, Ca II K and H pictures.     

Nd-Sr-Mn-O钙态矿锰氧化物的低场磁电阻效应

采用固相烧结法和脉冲激光沉积法分别制备了钙态矿型锰氧化物Nd1-xSrxMnO3(x=0．1，0．2，0．3，0．4，0．5)大块多晶和Nd0．7Sr0．3MnO3在(100)LaAlO3基片上的单取向薄膜样品，分别研究了这些样品的磁电阻效应。研究表明，在多晶样品中，x=0．3时具有最大的磁电阻比，其值在240K和1T磁场下可达24．2％。对于同一成分的外延薄膜，发现磁电阻随着沉积时基片温度Ts的升高而下降，当Ts=500℃时的制备态薄膜在同样条件下的磁电阻可达84％，随着外加磁场增大到5T，磁电阻将线性增大到275％。并讨论了造成单取向膜和块材磁电阻不同的原因。     

Reprint of : Semiclassical theory of persistent current fluctuations in ballistic chaotic rings

The persistent current in a mesoscopic ring has a Gaussian distribution with small non-Gaussian corrections. Here we report a semiclassical calculation of the leading non-Gaussian correction, which is described by the three-point correlation function. The semiclassical approach is applicable to systems in which the electron dynamics is ballistic and chaotic, and includes the dependence on the Ehrenfest time. At small but finite Ehrenfest times, the non-Gaussian fluctuations are enhanced with respect to the limit of zero Ehrenfest time.     

Relativistic and non-relativistic local-density functional, benchmark results and investigation on the dimers

Using two spinor minimax method combined with finite element methods accompanied with extrapolation and counterpoise techniques enable us to obtain relativistic highly accurate results for two atomic molecules. Like in our previous work for the (Hartree-) Dirac–Fock–Slater (DFS) functional we investigate in this work the density functional approximations of the relativistic and non-relativistic local-density functional, presenting highly accurate benchmark results of chemical properties on the dimers of the group 11 (Ib) of the periodic table of elements. The comparison with experimental values and literature’s results shows that DFS is better behaved than the other two local functionals.     

Correspondence between atomic levels in LS and jj couplings

This work aims at determining the correspondence between LS and jj couplings for some typical configurations without explicitly calculating level energies. To understand this article, an introductory course on quantum mechanics and an intermediate–level text on atomic physics are sufficient. Our method is based on a simple parallel analysis of Breit schemes and complex atom formation genealogy, by means of one-electron quantum numbers.     

从量子力学的建立看类比思维的创新作用

通过对量子力学创建过程,特别是对德布罗意、薛定谔、狄拉克、玻恩等物理学家在量子力学的建立与完善过程中运用类比形式的研究方法的分析和研究,阐述了类比思维在科学创新中的重大作用. 发挥类比思维的现代教育价值,把这种创新思维形式移植到教学中来将会对培养创新型人才产生积极的影响.