Nuclear charge radii from muonic X-ray transitions in F,Na, Al,Si, P,S and K

Energies of muonic X-rays of the Lyman series of seven light natural elements (F, Na, Al, Si, P, S and K) have been determined with an accuracy of between 15 and 30 eV. Equivalent charge radii have been deduced. For μ^?-K, transitions to the 2s state allowed an additional constraint on the Fermi c-t diagram. The results are in good agreement with, and generally of an order of magnitude higher precision than, comparable electron scattering data.     

提高CCD实验效果

通过对CCD实验图样和照明的改进设计，提高了CCD实验的效果。     

量子博弈论及其应用

介绍了量子博弈理论及与经典博弈理论的关系，指出了量子博弈理论的优越性，及对现实物理世界的意义。     

物理技术在食品贮藏与果蔬保鲜中的应用

将物理技术应用于食品果蔬的杀菌保鲜，为食品贮藏与保鲜工作开辟了一条新的途径，大量实验表明应用辐射场、静电场、高压脉冲电场、微波等物理技术处理食品果蔬可在不破坏食品的营养结构与原有风味的基础上起到杀虫、灭菌、防腐保鲜的作用。文章综述了近年来物理技术在食品杀菌与保鲜方面取得的研究与应用发展，并对其未来的发展方向作了初步展望。     

Parton distributions,small-x physics and the spin structure of the nucleon

Several theoretical aspects in leading (1-loop) and higher (2-loop) order as well as various approaches of extracting leading twist-2 parton distributions from structure function measurements are discussed and summarized. Their implications for the small-x region (x⩽10⁻²) are analyzed and compared with alternative approaches where higher twist contributions (‘fans’) are added to the twist-2 LO terms in the evolution equations. The second part of these lectures deals with longitudinally polarized parton distributions related to the structure functiong ₁, in particular with various scenarios to explain the total spin structure of nucleons, including the gluon anomaly as well. Specific (realistic) tests for discriminating between these alternatives are discussed as well asx-dependent expectations, in particular for neutron targets in connection with the Bjorken sum rule. Furthermore, various theoretical expectations and sum rules for the transverse (chiral-even) structure functiong ₂ are presented and very recent developments of transverse chiral-odd (‘transversity’) distributions are briefly discussed.     

Quark cluster model and the R-matrix theory treatment of NN scattering

A microscopic quark cluster model has been developed for six-quark states consisting of two s³ quark clusters. The consequences of channel nonorthogonality and existence of Pauliforbidden states are investigated explicitly by solving the eigenvalue problem of the resonating group method (RGM) kernel. Since the RGM kernels needed are all available, the form of the six-quark states given in this paper is very suited to detailed RGM calculations. A rigorous treatment based on the R-matrix theory has been carried out to obtain NN phase shifts. The spin-spin term of the quark-quark interaction favors states of higher color-spin symmetry. This explains the larger change caused by the hidden color states in the ³S₁ phase shifts than in the ¹S₀ phase shifts. Phase shifts calculated with inclusion of the delta and hidden color states are still too repulsive. It is pointed out that there arises a subtle problem in adding the one-boson exchange potential by hand to the RGM equation.     

Scattering from solutions of star polymers

We study the scattering intensity of dilute and semi-dilute solutions of star polymers. The star conformation is described by a model introduced by Daoud and Cotton. In this model, a single star is regarded as a spherical region of a semi-dilute polymer solution with a local, position dependent screening length. For high enough concentrations, the outer sections of the arms overlap and build a semi-dilute solution (a sea of blobs) where the inner parts of the actual stars are embedded. The scattering function is evaluated following a method introduced by Auvray and de Gennes. In the dilute regime there are three regions in the scattering function: the Guinier region (low wave vectors, ) from where the radius of the star can be extracted; the intermediate region () that carries the signature of the form factor of a star with f arms: ; and a high wavevector zone () where the local swollen structure of the polymers gives rise to the usual q ^-5/3 decay. In the semi-dilute regime the different stars interact strongly, and the scattered intensity acquires two new features: a liquid peak that develops at a reciprocal position corresponding to the star-star distances; and a new large wavevector contribution of the form q ^-5/3 originating from the sea of blobs. Received: 3 September 1997 / Revised: 13 January 1988 / Accepted: 31 March 1998     

前沿与基础：宇宙物质和过程的研究与原子分子物理

原子、分子是物质结构的第一个微观层次，是通向下两个微观层次———原子核和粒子的大门．原子分子物理在宇宙物质和过程的研究中起到基础理论的重要作用，而宇宙物质和过程的前沿研究则向原子分子物理提供了许多新的生长点．天体中有无止境的原子分子物理问题有待于人们探讨与研究     

Quantum Optical Detection of the Holographic Principle

This paper proposes a quantum optical method for the detection of length fluctuations due to the holographic principle. This optical interferometric alternative to the atomic interferometry proposed by Y. Jack Ng [1] would be simpler for an experimentalist to conduct.     

全面改革物理实验教学体系与内容,培养有坚实基础的创新人才

介绍了北京大学物理实验课程在教学体系、内容、方法和体制（机构）等方面的改革概况。