On the use of fuzzy inference techniques in assessment models: part II: industrial applications

In this paper, we study the applicability of the monotone output property and the output resolution property in fuzzy assessment models to two industrial Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) problems. First, the effectiveness of the monotone output property in a single-input fuzzy assessment model is demonstrated with a proposed fuzzy occurrence model. Then, the usefulness of the two properties to a multi-input fuzzy assessment model, i.e., the Bowles fuzzy Risk Priority Number (RPN) model, is assessed. The experimental results indicate that both the fuzzy occurrence model and Bowles fuzzy RPN model are able to fulfill the monotone output property, with the derived conditions (in Part I) satisfied. In addition, the proposed rule refinement technique is able to improve the output resolution property of the Bowles fuzzy RPN model.     

Machine tool modelling and profile following performance

The axis drive of a milling machine is considered. Modelling methods enabling the inclusion of the dynamics of the relatively lumped and physically dispersed elements of the system are proposed. A model of the x-axis drive of the machine tool system is constructed. The responses of the system to deterministic inputs under profile following conditions are presented. Machine tool error, tracking accuracy, and surface finish predictions are investigated. Adverse machining operations are identified following geometrical, input signal, amplitude and frequency changes.     

民用飞机多级健康状态评估技术研究

健康状态评估技术是实现飞机派遣决策的关键技术。本文提出了一种民用飞机多级健康状态评估方法,该方法充分利用各类工程数据、技术数据和可靠性分析数据,建立飞机技术派遣量化评估方法,甄选影响飞机技术派遣的主要参数,并通过对各参数进行权重分配,建立综合量化分析模型,针对专机、VIP及其他特殊航线运行要求,精准高效地为飞机的技术派遣提供决策依据,保证特殊运行航班的安全性以及签派可靠度。经某航空公司的试用效果良好,验证了提出的方法的可行性。     

估算供体-受体对荧光共振能量传递效率的研究

在有机白光LED的研究中,能量传递效率计算方法的研究是一项很有意义的工作。作者在总结前人工作的基础上,提出了一种利用有机分子发射谱和激发谱估算有机分子荧光共振能量传递(FRET)效率相对值的新方法,这种方法的优点是数据处理过程简单,对实验仪器设备要求不高,并且不需要通常计算方法所需的荧光量子产率等参数,缺点是只能计算能量传递的相对值。利用这种方法计算了甲萘酚、溴甲酚紫、萤光素钠盐三种能量受体和能量供体核黄素在不同浓度下能量传递效率的相对值,计算结果与实验结果基本符合,验证了此方法的合理性。     

清热解毒类中成药中重金属含量的测定及评价

建立了微波消解电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定中成药中Cu、Pb、Cd和Cr重金属含量的方法,并用该法测定了14种清热解毒类中成药中Cu、Pb、Cd和Cr等重金属的含量,并对中成药中重金属的污染状况进行了评价。方法的加标回收率为96.7%—108.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)值小于5.4%。实验结果表明,中成药中Cr和Cd污染严重,没有被Cu和Pb污染。     

Lessons Learned from the Grouping of Chemicals to Assess Risks to Human Health

In analogy to the periodic system that groups elements by their similarity in structure and chemical properties, the hazard of chemicals can be assessed in groups having similar structures and similar toxicological properties. Here we review case studies of chemical grouping strategies that supported the assessment of hazard, exposure, and risk to human health. By the EU-REACH and the US-TSCA New Chemicals Program, structural similarity is commonly used as the basis for grouping, but that criterion is not always adequate and sufficient. Based on the lessons learned, we derive ten principles for grouping, including: transparency of the purpose, criteria, and boundaries of the group; adequacy of methods used to justify the group; and inclusion or exclusion of substances in the group by toxicological properties. These principles apply to initial grouping to prioritize further actions as well as to definitive grouping to generate data for risk assessment. Both can expedite effective risk management.