Peter Bergmann:The Education of a Physicist

I explore the early life and contributions of Peter Bergmann (1915–2002), focusing on his family background, education, and ideas. I examine how Bergmann’s formative years were shaped by the outspoken influence of his mother, a leading educational reformer; the distinguished reputation of his father, a renowned materials chemist; and his cherished hope of working with Albert Einstein (1879–1955), to whom he eventually became an assistant. Inspired by these and other notable thinkers, Bergmann became an exemplary organizer, educator, and mentor in the fields of general relativity and quantum gravity.     

Symmetry Breaking for Matter Coupled to Linearized Supergravity from the Perspective of the Current Supermultiplet

We consider a generic supersymmetric matter theory coupled to linearized supergravity, and analyze scenarios for spontaneous symmetry breaking in terms of vacuum expectation values of components of the current supermultiplet. When the vacuum expectation of the energy momentum tensor is zero, but the scalar current or pseudoscalar current gets an expectation, evaluation of the gravitino self energy using the supersymmetry current algebra shows that there is an induced gravitino mass term. The structure of this term generalizes the supergravity action with cosmological constant to theories with CP violation. When the vacuum expectation of the energy momentum tensor is nonzero, supersymmetry is broken; requiring cancellation of the cosmological constant gives the corresponding generalized gravitino mass formula.     

A new gravitational model for dark energy

A new gravitational model for dark energy is presented based on the model of de Sitter gauge theory of gravity.In the model,in addition to the cosmological constant,the homogeneous and isotropic torsion and its coupling with curvature play an important role for dark energy.The model may supply the universe with a natural transit from decelerating expansion to accelerating expansion.     

The Quantum Regularization of Singular Black-Hole Solutions in Covariant Quantum Gravity

An excruciating issue that arises in mathematical, theoretical and astro-physics concerns the possibility of regularizing classical singular black hole solutions of general relativity by means of quantum theory. The problem is posed here in the context of a manifestly covariant approach to quantum gravity. Provided a non-vanishing quantum cosmological constant is present, here it is proved how a regular background space-time metric tensor can be obtained starting from a singular one. This is obtained by constructing suitable scale-transformed and conformal solutions for the metric tensor in which the conformal scale form factor is determined uniquely by the quantum Hamilton equations underlying the quantum gravitational field dynamics.     

A pedagogical review on solvable irrelevant deformations of 2D quantum field theory

This is a pedagogical review on ■ deformation of two dimensional quantum field theories. It is based on three lectures which the author gave at ITP-CAS in December 2018. This review consists of four parts. The first part is a general introduction to ■ deformation. Special emphasises are put on the deformed classical Lagrangian and the exact solvability of the spectrum. The second part focuses on the torus partition sum of the ■ deformed conformal field theories and modular invariance/covariance. In the third part, different perspectives of ■ deformation are presented, including its relation to random geometry, 2D topological gravity and holography. We summarize more recent developments until January 2021 in the last part.     

海洋重力传感器伺服回路分析与设计

海洋重力仪是改善舰船惯导系统精度的重要设备，其重力传感器的伺服回路决定着仪器的精度和动态性能。作在介绍零长弹簧海洋重力传感器结构原理的基础上，研究其伺服回路的结构组成和设计方法，分析了其主要环节参数对系统性能的影响，考察了其时域性能，对海洋重力仪的研制具有重要指导作用。     

Axial anomalies of Lifshitz fermions

We compute the axial anomaly of a Lifshitz fermion theory with anisotropic scaling z = 3 which is minimally coupled to geometry in 3+1 space‐time dimensions. We find that the result is identical to the relativistic case using path integral methods. An independent verification is provided by showing with spectral methods that the η‐invariant of the Dirac and Lifshitz fermion operators in three dimensions are equal. Thus, by the integrated form of the anomaly, the index of the Dirac operator still accounts for the possible breakdown of chiral symmetry in non‐relativistic theories of gravity. We apply this framework to the recently constructed gravitational instanton backgrounds of Hořava–Lifshitz theory and find that the index is non‐zero provided that the space‐time foliation admits leaves with harmonic spinors. Using Hitchin's construction of harmonic spinors on Berger spheres, we obtain explicit results for the index of the fermion operator on all such gravitational instanton backgrounds with SU(2) × U(1) isometry. In contrast to the instantons of Einstein gravity, chiral symmetry breaking becomes possible in the unimodular phase of Hořava–Lifshitz theory arising at λ = 1/3 provided that the volume of space is bounded from below by the ratio of the Ricci to Cotton tensor couplings raised to the third power. Some other aspects of the anomalies in non‐relativistic quantum field theories are also discussed.     

A surprising method for green extraction of essential oil from dry spices: Microwave dry-diffusion and gravity

Without adding any solvent or water, we proposed a novel and green approach for the extraction of secondary metabolites from dried plant materials. This "solvent, water and vapor free" approach based on a simple principle involves the application of microwave irradiation and earth gravity to extract the essential oil from dried caraway seeds. Microwave dry-diffusion and gravity (MDG) has been compared with a conventional technique, hydrodistillation (HD), for the extraction of essential oil from dried caraway seeds. Essential oils isolated by MDG were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively (aromatic profile) similar to those obtained by HD, but MDG was better than HD in terms of rapidity (45min versus 300min), energy saving, and cleanliness. The present apparatus permits fast and efficient extraction, reduces waste, avoids water and solvent consumption, and allows substantial energy savings.     

超重力场电沉积NiW合金及其耐碱腐蚀性能

在超重力条件下电沉积NiW合金镀层,考察了超重力对NiW合金电沉积过程(各元素分电流、W含量和槽电压等)的影响规律;并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、Tafel技术和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了电沉积NiW合金镀层的表面形貌和在NaOH溶液中的抗腐蚀性能,同时通过浸泡实验考察了镀层的稳定性.结果发现,与常重力条件电沉积的NiW合金相比,超重力场电沉积的NiW合金中W含量增加,镀层表面无微裂纹产生;在10%(w)NaOH溶液中镀层自腐蚀电位正移,自腐蚀电流密度减小,腐蚀电阻也由常重力(重力系数G=1)时的865Ω·cm2增大至超重力(G=256)时的2305Ω·cm2;在10%NaOH溶液中浸泡144h后,超重力场电沉积的NiW合金表面无破碎和起皮现象发生.超重力技术在NiW合金电沉积过程中的应用,使镀层的耐碱腐蚀性能得到改善.     

引信用激光与加速度传感器复合定高技术

比较了不同类型的弹载定高体制,提出了脉冲激光与重力加速度传感器复合定高的定距原理,并对测距误差进行深入分析,得出其定高精度。对设计出的原理样机进行了实验测试,平台倾斜角度检测实验的结果表明,静态条件下最大角度误差小于0.3;0~500 m定高测试实验的结果表明,测量平均值与实际值最大误差为2.5 m,并且与目标距离无关。