Aromaticity of Heterofullerenes C18BxNy (x+y=2) and Their Molecular Ions

The aromaticity of all possible substituted fullerene isomers of C18N2, C18B2, C18BN, and their molecularions which originate from the C20 (Ih) cage were studied by the topological resonance energy (TRE) and the percentage topological resonance energy methods. The relationship between the aromaticity of C18BxNy isomers and the sites where the heteroatoms dope at the C20 (Ih) cage is discussed. Calculation results show that at the neutral and cationic states all the isomers are predicted to be antiaromatic with negative TREs, but their polyvalent anions are predicted to be aromatic with positive TREs. The most stable isomer is formed by heteroatom doping at the 1,11-sites in C18N2, C18B2, and C18BN. Heterofullerenes are more aromatic than C20. The stability order in the neutral states is C18N2>C18BN>C18B2>C20. The stability order in closed-shell is C18B2 8->C20 6->C18BN6->C18N2 4-. This predicts theoretically that their polyvalent anions have high aromaticity.     

全金属负离子团簇Ga42-、In42-芳香性的磁特征与多重芳香性

The optimized geometries, frequencies, and total electronic energies of two all-metal dianionic clusters Ga42- , In42- are calculated at the B3LYP, B3PW91, and MP2 levels of theory. There are two stable structures for each Ga42- , In42- species. For Ga42- , In42- species the square isomers are the most stable. On the basis of these computed stable structures we focus on two magnetic properties: magnetic susceptibility anisotropy and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) for the square planar Ga42- , In42- isomers, which are calculated with B3LYP and HF methods. The computed results of NICS show that the square planar Ga42- , In42- isomers possess strong aromaticity. The detailed molecular orbital analysis for the two isomers further reveals that the two square planar Ga42- , In42- isomers have multiple-fold aromaticity: one delocalized π MOs and two delocalized σ MOs, which play important role in explaining the special stability of these all-metal square clusters.     

Theoretical investigation into structures and magnetic properties of smaller fullerenes and their heteroanalogues

The smaller fullerenes, C₂₀, C₂₄, C₂₈, C₃₂, C_36, C₄₀ and C₅₀, their hydrogenation products and selected B-, N- and P-doped analogues have been investigated systematically at the B3LYP/6-31G* density functional level of theory. The degree of spherical electron delocalization is evaluated by using the computed nucleus-independent chemical shifts ( NICS) at the cage center and the individual ring centers of interest. The calculated NMR chemical shifts and the NICS values at the cage center, which can be accessed by endohedral ³He chemical shifts, should provide a basis for further experimental characterization of these compounds. Received: 26 March 2001 / Accepted: 10 May 2001 / Published online: 11 October 2001     

A phenyl-substituted germole dianion and its reaction with hafnocene dichloride

The reaction of phenyl-substituted dipotassium germacyclo-pentadienediide with one equivalent of hafnocene dichloride at low temperature provides a bicyclic germylene. With two equivalents of hafnocene dichloride, a dinuclear hafnium complex with a mmm-coordinating germolyl dianion ligand is formed.     

Aromaticity and Pericyclic Reactions

Pericyclic reactions formally resemble the conversion of one Kekulé structure into another; the transition state may be “aromatic”, “nonaromatic”, or “antiaromatic”. Thermally induced pericyclic reactions proceed preferentially via aromatic transition states whereas their photochemical counterparts lead to products that are formed via antiaromatic transition states.     

Geometry,stability and aromaticity of β-diketiminate-coordinated alkaline-earth compounds

The nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), anisotropy of the induced current density (AICD), and molecular orbital (MO) analyses demonstrated the non-aromaticity of the β-diketiminate-coordinated Ae compounds. The DFT calculations revealed relatively high isomerization energies (ISE) for β-diketiminatecoordinated Ae compounds, which contribute to their stability.     

用~1H NMR作石油重质油结构分析中芳香度f_a计算公式推导及经验式

报道了~1H NMR作石油重质油结构分析中芳香度f_n的计算公式,并用文献数据和~1H NMR实验作了验证、推荐了几个分别适合柴油、蜡油、常渣和减渣馏份f_n的经验公式。     

New formation of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoindoles

The high-yield syntheses of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-isoindoles from N-substituted isoindolines under palladium catalyzed hydrogenation conditions are reported. Mechanistic study with deuterated and saturated substrates show extensive H/D exchange and the essence of aromaticity in this transformation.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

X3+ (X=Sc, Y, La)阳离子团簇d轨道芳香性的理论研究

本文运用密度泛函（DFT）和哈特里-福克后（post-HF）理论,对三个阳离子X3+(X=Sc、Y、La) 和相关的三个中性X3Cl (X=Sc、Y、La)团簇的稳定结构与芳香性进行研究。计算结果表明,三个X3+阳离子有两个稳定异构体：正三角型(D3h)和线型(D∞h),其中正三角型为基态;对于三个中性的X3Cl团簇,Sc3Cl 有三个稳定的异构体: 三角金字塔型(C3v)、双齿型(C2v-1) 和 C2v-2型（图 1 e）;Y3Cl 和 La3Cl有2个稳定的异构体: 三角金字塔型(C3v) 和双齿型(C2v-1)。三者的基态都是双齿型(C2v-1)结构。接着,对阳离子正三角型(D3h)基态结构进行共振能（RE）和核独立化学位移（NICS）的计算。计算结果表明,X3+正三角型异构体展现出较高的芳香性。随后详细的分子轨道分析显示,正三角型Sc3+ 和Y3+阳离子有一个离域的π型分子轨道,显现出单π-芳香性;而正三角型La3+阳离子有一个离域的σ型分子轨道,显现出单σ-芳香性。并且,X3+ 的单π 芳香性或单σ芳香性主要是源于过渡金属Sc、Y和La中的d原子轨道的贡献。另外,通过详细分子轨道分析还发现,当一个补偿阴离子Cl-分别与Sc3+、Y3+、La3+阳离子结合时,中性Sc3Cl, Y3Cl团簇的芳香类型从组成单元Sc3+、Y3+的π-芳香性变为σ-芳香性,而中性La3Cl 团簇其组成单元La3+的σ-芳香性保持不变。总之,三个中性X3Cl团簇都只显现出单σ-芳香性。 （这篇文章是第15届全国原子分子会议稿件）