Fullerenocene

The nature of the molecule C₆₀CrC₆₀ was studied from a theoretical point of view. Calculations on this molecule were carried out at the BPW91 level. The results are compared with those from another two molecules, dibenzenechromium that is a known and stable species, and η⁶-fullerene chromium(0) η⁶-benzene, a nonexisting molecule. This analysis has been carried out in order to study the stability of the target compound and provide useful information for its synthesis. The aromaticity of the rings in the three compounds was analyzed by means of HOMA and NICS methods whereas their intrinsic stability was estimated by means of homodesmotic reactions. The electronic structure of the three molecules was also studied. The results show fullerenocene should be a moderately stable species and should display semiconductor behaviour and some of the interesting properties of fullerene itself.     

A Computational View of PATO and its Tautomers

1, 2, 4‐Triazole and 3‐amino‐1, 2, 4‐triazole are useful starting materials for the synthesis of many 1, 2, 4‐triazole‐based explosives. Electronic properties and Kamlet–Jacobs detonation performances of PATO (3‐picrylamino‐1, 2, 4‐triazole) (a relatively inexpensive, insensitive, and thermally stable explosive) and its 1, 3‐ and 1, 5‐ tautomers are investigated computationally using PM3, HF/6‐31G(d, p), and B3LYP/6‐31G(d, p) methods. The relationships between the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities and the aromaticities are examined for all structures and their relative sensitivities are compared in terms of bond dissociation energies. The use of both PM3 and isodesmic methods in the calculation of heat of formation of PATO is discussed.     

On the correlation between the bifurcation values of the electron localization function and the nuclear independent chemical shift in aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds

In this work, for a representative set of 24 aromatic molecules, that includes hydrocarbons, hetero and charged rings, we explore the correlations between two aromaticity indexes. One of these indexes is based on the bifurcation values of the σ and π electron localization function (ELF), while the other one is the nuclear independent chemical shift (NICS). We observe that the quality of the possible correlations between these two kinds of indexes strongly depends on the kind of rings and on the particular indexes that are considered.     

DFT study of “all-metal” aromatic compounds

An overview of recent quantum chemical studies on all-metal aromatic compounds is presented. Novel classes of inorganic molecules containing bonds that are characterized by a common ring-shaped electron density are reviewed. The mechanistic insight gained for the aromatic character of all-metal aromatic molecules is discussed and the predictive nature of the electronic structure calculation methods particularly those based on density functional theory (DFT) is highlighted. The indicators of aromaticity (aromaticity criteria) - structural, magnetic, energetic and reactivity-based measures - many of which are accessible through quantum chemical calculations are also outlined herein.     

Theoretical study of the walk rearrangement in perfluorotetramethyl (Dewar thiophene) exo-S-oxide

A theoretical study of the ‘walk’ rearrangement in bicyclo[2.1.0]pentene and perfluorotetramethyl (Dewar thiophene) exo-S-oxide has been carried out. Despite the differences between them, the results for both reactions show an enhancement of aromaticity in the transition state, which is consistent with a pericyclic behavior. NBO calculations show that the small activation energy for the second reaction can be interpreted in terms of a strong stabilization of the transition state by the exo-oxide substituent. So, the mechanism proposed in the past should be revised.     

平面四配位和五配位的B6S5团簇

采用B3LYP/def2-TZVP优化和在耦合簇方法(CCSD)单点水平下, 将$B_{6}S^{n}_{5}$ (n=0, +1, +2)作为基础结构研究证实了S原子对于形成B平面多配位结构具有良好的作用. 研究发现, $B_{6}S^{n}_{5}$ (n=0, +1, +2) 3种价态下最稳定和次稳定结构均为纯平面结构, 仅在不同电子数下两者的能量次序发生改变. 中性的B₆S₅因满足18电子规则其最稳定结构具有D_5h对称性, 且中心B为平面五配位. 在$B_{6}S^{+}_{5}$和$B_{6}S^{2+}_{5}$中, 其17电子和16电子时的最稳定结构中的所有B均为平面四配位. 18电子的B₆S₅更为稳定.     

Substitution effects in <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-pyrazole and <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-imidazole derivatives along the periodic table

A theoretical study of the monosubstitution effects of all the atoms of the second and third row of the periodic table on the pyrazole and imidazole rings has been carried out by means of B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) DFT calculations. The geometric and electronic properties, calculated using the atoms in molecules methodology, electrostatic potential, and frontier orbitals have been analyzed. Some of the results have been rationalized based on the electronegativity of the substituents. In addition, the different parameters obtained have been compared with aromaticity indexes (HOMA and NICS). A comparison with the results obtained for the corresponding N-pyrrole derivatives has been carried out.     

The annular tautomerism of imidazoles and pyrazoles: The possible existence of nonaromatic forms

DFT (B3LYP/6-31G^*) and G3//B3LYP (usually referred as G3B3 in the literature) calculations have been carried out on annular tautomers of C- and/or N-functionalized imidazoles (both the aromatic 1H- and nonaromatic 2H-) and pyrazoles (the aromatic 1H- and 2H-, and nonaromatic 3H- and 4H-). The aromaticity of 1H-imidazole and 1H- and 2H-pyrazole results in these species being more stable than their nonaromatic tautomers. However, this stability is reversed when the hydrogen on the azole nitrogen or methylene carbon is substituted by OH or by F, e.g., in increasing order of stability we find 1-fluoro-1H-imidazole <2-fluoro-2H-imidazole (<2-fluoro-1H-imidazole). These results are related to a recent report of a highly substituted imidazole that exists in the “nonaromatic” 2H-tautomeric form, and discussed subsequently in a purely thermochemical context.     

Synthesis and monomer reactivity ratios of (vinylcyclohexane-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) copolymer

A copolymer containing vinylcyclohexane (VCH) and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) at different compositions was synthesized and characterized. The monomer reactivity ratios (MRR) were estimated by using the classical Fineman-Ross and Kelen-Tüdõs linear fitting methods. These parameters were also estimated using a nonlinear computational fitting procedure, known as reactivity ratios error in variable model (RREVM). In this case, the values of MRR are r_VP=2.2 and r_VCH=0.0. Composition shifts and MRR values for (vinylcyclohexane-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) copolymer (VCH-co-VP) are interpreted in terms of the relative comonomeric structures. A copolymer with zones containing VP blocks with isolated units of VCH between them is obtained. The presence or absence of the resonance stabilization effect is taken into account. The results are compared with those of similar related copolymeric systems.     

Direct Visual Evidence for Neutral and Charged Hexaphyrin Aromaticity with and without Keto-Defect

We use density functional theory and time-dependent together with a set of extensive mul-tidimensional visualization techniques to characterize the influence of keto effect on charge distribution at ground state and electronic transitions for neutral and charged hexaphyrin aromaticity with and without keto-defect. It is found that the aromaticity is the key fac-tor to influence the ground state Mulliken charges distribution properties, other than the meso-aryl-substituted effect. But with the enhancement of the keto-defect, the distributionchanges of Mulliken charges on the hexaphyrin groups are larger than those on the pentaflu-orophenyl substituted groups, following with the aromaticity changes from nonaromatic toaromatic. Furthermore, through characterizing by transition density and charge difference density, direct visual evidence for neutral and charged aromaticity with and without keto-defect can be clearly derived, and the ability of charge transfer between units of monoradical (nonaromaticity) and singlet biradical (aromaticity) forms is much stronger than that of neutral forms.