Antibacterial activity of methylated chitosan and chitooligomer derivatives: Synthesis and structure activity relationships

The purpose of this study was to synthesize series of methylated chitosaccharide derivatives, possessing various degree of methylation, and to determine their structure activity relationship (SAR) with regard to their antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Chitosan polymer and chitooligomers were used as starting materials and were methylated by reaction with methyl iodide. Depending on the reaction conditions the degree of N-quaternization ranged from 0% to 74%, with varying degree of N,N-dimethylation, N-monomethylation and O-methylation. More selective N-quaternization could be obtained with protection group strategy. At pH 5.5 the chitosaccharide polymers and their methylated derivatives were active against S. aureus with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 16 to 512 μg/mL. At pH 7.2 the non-quaternized derivatives were inactive but their highly N-quaternized derivatives showed MIC as low as 8 μg/mL. The chitooligomers, as well as their derivatives, were inactive at both pH’s. The SAR studies revealed that N-quaternization was mainly responsible for the antibacterial effects at pH 7.2, whereas it did not contribute to the antibacterial activity under acidic conditions.     

The structures of three new shishididemniols from a tunicate of the family Didemnidae

Three new serinolipid derivatives, shishididemniols C (1), D (2), and E (3), were isolated as antibacterial constituents of a tunicate of the family Didemnidae. Their planar structures were elucidated by interpretation of NMR and MS data, whereas the absolute stereochemistry was determined by chemical conversions. Shishididemniols C (3), D (4), and E (5) exhibited antibacterial activity against the fish pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum.     

Inhibitory study of some novel Schiff base derivatives on Staphylococcus aureus by microcalorimetry

The effect of a series of novel Schiff base compounds on Staphylococcus aureus was studied by microcalorimetric method at 37 °C The results showed that all of the organic compounds had the capacity to inhibit the growth of S. aureus in different extent. And the extent and duration of the inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus, judged from the rate constant (k), varied with the different structure of the Schiff base compounds. According to the power-time curves, the multiplication rate constant and inhibition ratio were calculated. The growth rate constant of S. aureus (in log phase) in the presence of Schiff base compounds decreased with the increasing of the concentrations of these compounds regularly. The experimental results revealed that the hydrophilicity of Schiff bases had a great influence on their antibacterial activity. Of these Schiff bases, the greater their hydrophilicity, the higher their antibacterial activity. The antibacterial structure-activity relationship (SAR) of Schiff base derivatives was also briefly discussed.     

Polyethylene compounds with antimicrobial surface properties

The present study aims at antimicrobial polyethylene surfaces. To achieve this, LLDPE was compounded with the polymeric biocide poly(2-tert-butylaminoethyl) methacrylate TBAM (bulk modification with 1.5-5.0 wt.% of TBAM). Surfaces of these polymer compounds were then subjected to microbial assays. Using standard methods the colony forming units (CFU) for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were determined on these surfaces. In all cases, polyethylene surfaces with highly antimicrobial properties were achieved. An average reduction of 10⁴ CFU ml⁻¹ compared to neat LLDPE was achieved. The surfaces of these LLDPE/TBAM compounds were assessed by electrokinetic (zeta potential) measurements. The results indicate a relation between the antimicrobial activity and the zeta-potential of the polymer compounds. Moreover, the antimicrobial compounds were investigated towards biofilm formation. Compared to pristine LLDPE, the surfaces of the polymer compounds showed less adhering biofilm after a testing period of 16 weeks.     

聚(二甲基硅氧烷-co-甲氧基十二烷基硅氧烷)在棉纤维及其他模型表面的膜形貌及定向排列方式

用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、光电子能谱(XPS)等仪器研究了棉纤维以及再生纤维素表面聚(二甲基硅氧烷-co-甲氧基十二烷基硅氧烷)(DDPS)的膜形貌及其定向排列方式.结果发现,在天然棉纤维以及再生纤维素模型表面,DDPS均能形成宏观上平滑、而微观形态学实则非均一的疏水性硅膜,表明DDPS的定向排列成膜方式为疏水性硅甲基、硅十二烷基朝外伸向空气,硅氧偶极键指向基质界面.     

New N-Substituted (E)-4-Arylidene Isoquinoline-1,3-dione Derivatives: NMR Spectroscopic Investigation and Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

New N-substituted 4-arylidene-isoquinoline-1,3-dione derivatives were obtained as one geometrical isomer by aldol condensation of the appropriate aldehyde and the corresponding N-substituted homophthalimides. The structural elucidation of compounds 3a–h was established by infrared and NMR spectroscopy including ¹ Dimmock , J. R. ; Wong , M. L. C. Bioactivities and potential uses in drug design of acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones . Can. J. Pharm. Sci. 1976 , 11 , 35 – 53 .[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]H, ¹³ Perjési , P. ; Szabó , D. ; Batta , G. ; Földesi , A. The stereochemistry of reaction of 2-benzylidenecyclohexanone with dithiocarbamic acid . Tetrahedron Lett. 1987 , 28 , 571 . [Google Scholar]C, CH CORR, and distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer measurements. Compounds 3d–h were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against some strains of bacteria using the disc diffusion method and microdilution tests.