基于可靠度的油罐拱顶稳定性分析

根据加肋拱顶稳定性校核公式,应用结构可靠度理论,建立了油罐拱顶可靠性分析模型,对拱顶稳定性进行分析计算,以确定油罐拱顶的使用安全性. 运用最小距离法和有限差分法对该模型的可靠度进行求解.结合工程实例,分析了顶板自支承作用、肋板的加强作用在外载荷作用下对拱顶可靠指标的影响规律,拟合出可靠指标与拱顶各参数间数值关系. 通过对现役油罐拱顶稳定性进行可靠性评定,验证了该模型在现役条件下分析拱顶稳定性的可行性.     

Coupling dynamic analysis of a liquid-filled spherical container subject to arbitrary excitation

Using spherical coordinates, the coupling nonlin- ear dynamic system of a liquid-filled spherical tank, which can be excited discretionarily, is deduced by the H-O variational principle, and the viscous damping is introduced via the liquid dissipation function. The kinetic equations of the coupling system are deduced by the relationship between the velocity of liquid particles and the disturbed liquid surface equation. Normal differential equations are obtained through the Galerkin method. An equivalent mechanical model is developed for liquid sloshing in a spherical tank subject to arbitrary excitation. The fixed and slosh masses, as well as the spring and damping constants, are determined in such a way as to satisfy the principle of equivalence. Numerical simulations illustrate the theoretical results in this paper as well.     

纳米钛白粉改性丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料的制备及其紫外线耐候性能

利用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570硅烷)实现了对金红石型纳米TiO2的表面处理,对表面处理前后纳米TiO2粉体的形貌及粒度分布状况进行了表征.将处理后的钛白粉加入到航空油罐所用的丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料中进行改性,研究了改性涂料的紫外线耐候性能.研究表明,表面处理可使钛白粉粉体的分散性能得到显著改善.经纳米TiO2改性后,丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料的紫外线耐候性能均得到了不同程度地提高.在涂料中添加5wt;的纳米TiO2并配合使用0.5wt;的纳米SiO2进行改性时,涂膜的紫外线耐候性能较好.     

Dynamic fluid flow behaviour of a tank draining through a vertical tube

This paper describes the unsteady draining of a sealed tank partially filled with water. The water discharges via a vertical tube into an open tank at atmospheric conditions. The air inflow, compensating for the volume of the discharged liquid, enters the system in an oscillatory manner, much like the “gulping” seen in an upended beer bottle. A mathematical model, based closly on that derived by Dougall & Kathiresan [Chem. Engng Commun. 8, 289–304 (1981)], has been applied to predict the pressure fluctuations in the closed tank. The rate of water discharge from the tank has been predicted and gives a much closer agreement with experimental results than a prediction based on a steady counter-current flooding limitation approach. A drift flux model has been used to describe the two-phase flow effect in the tube and the Wallis flooding criterion has been modified for use in the slug flow regime to describe the boundary conditions at the bottom of the tube. The pressure fluctuations in the sealed tank have been measured and compared with results obtained from the mathematical prediction for a variety of tube diameters.     

自然对流情形下激光辐照液体贮箱的尺度律

根据质量守恒、动量守恒及能量守恒原理,建立了自然对流情形下激光辐照液体贮箱的理论模型。通过方程分析法,导出了该问题的尺度律,在此基础上给出了激光辐照液体贮箱的缩比方法,并对一组实例进行了数值计算,得到了缩比模型与原型结果完全相似的结论,模拟结果证明了该问题尺度律的成立。为验证理论模型与数值求解的正确性,本文还针对小尺度模型进行了实验研究,数值模拟结果与实验测量结果符合较好,表明理论模型可靠有效。     

Experimental studies on the dynamic stability of liquid in a spherical tank covered with diaphragm under vertical excitation

Experimental studies are conducted on the liquid sloshing characteristics in a spherical tank covered with a flexible diaphragm. A spherical acrylic tank with 145.2 mm radius is used as a test tank, and is filled with water. Silicon diaphragms, plane or hemispherical type, with 0.2 mm thickness are used as test diaphragms. The test tank is harmonically excited in the vertical direction by an electro-dynamic exciter. During the test, vibrations due to parametric instability occur when the excitation frequency is twice the natural frequency. Parametric instability regions for some natural modes are measured and are presented in the excitation frequency–excitation acceleration diagram for three cases: liquid surface is uncovered (i.e., free surface), covered with a plane diaphragm, and covered with a hemispherical diaphragm, with the volume of filling water being changed appropriately.     

柱形罐爆炸碎片抛射的Monte-Carlo分析

在动力学分析的基础上,将二维体系内的碎片轨迹方程扩展到三维体系内,将风这一影响因素考 虑在内。以墨西哥事故中水平圆柱储罐发生沸腾液体扩展为蒸气云爆炸(BLEVE)为例,利用Monte-Carlo法 模拟出碎片的轨迹曲线,计算得到有风和无风情况下碎片抛射距离的概率分布,得到一般情况下风对碎片危 害的影响较小。计算了无风情况下碎片碰撞目标容器的概率,得到碰撞概率随罐间距的增大而呈现严格的指 数衰减趋势,通过此关系式可以计算出符合安全要求的罐间距。研究结果对于提高储罐的安全性、缓解和控 制碎片产生的风险具有一定的指导意义。     

耦合船体横摇的减摇水舱流体运动和减摇效果预测

减摇水舱用于减小船体的横摇运动。由于水舱内部结构复杂,导致流体晃荡呈非线性。为了降低预测水舱特性和减摇效果的难度,采用计算流体力学VOF模型来分析水舱中流体的晃荡,在时域内,运用数值方法完成船体非线性横摇运动的实时仿真,其中耦合了水舱中流体和船体的运动。船体随机横摇时,进行水舱流体流量和力矩的功率谱分析,得到减摇频率范围及减摇前后的效果。结果表明,在其减摇频率范围内,减摇水舱具有良好的减摇能力,验证了此方法的可行性。     

带环形隔板的圆柱储箱内液体晃动阻尼分析

根据现有的阻尼理论,在线性势流的假设下,分别对带刚性和弹性隔板的圆柱形储液箱内液体晃动做了 有限元仿真计算. 计算结果与实验测定结果相比较发现,在晃动频率上符合得很好,但阻尼 比相差较大. 同时, 通过ALE有限元数值仿真,对储箱内无隔板和有隔板情况下的 黏性流体晃动做了比较,初步推定隔板对液体晃动的``滞阻'的一个重要表现形式为涡耗散.