腔耦合漂移管结构等长化腔列设计

质子直线加速器中使用的脏耦合漂移管加速结构,如采用等长化腔列,可以简化加速腔的制造和调试,降低成本.文中引入粒子动力学系数的新定义,探讨了等长化腔耦合漂移管结构设计方法,并给出部分计算结果.     

水下吸声覆盖层声管测试的背衬研究

在吸声覆盖层水声声管测试的实验研究中，覆盖层背衬的选择对测量结果有重大影响。在我们二维理论研究的基础上，建立了吸声覆盖层声学特性的传递函数模型，分析比较了不同背衬对吸声覆盖层声学性能的影响。结果表明，不同背衬对吸声覆盖层吸声性能的影响具有明显不同的特性。背衬为双层壳体时，水层对吸声覆盖层的吸声系数曲线有明显的调制现象。背衬为单层壳体或双层壳体时，从整体上讲，吸声系数更趋近于刚性背衬而非软背衬的情况。在实验室小样品声管测试中，以较厚的钢柱作为背衬的测试数据来衡量吸声覆盖层性能更为合适，且易于实现。     

新型智能球罐焊接机器人视觉传感器的研究

为实现智能球罐焊接机器人的自主运动与焊缝自动跟踪 ,研制了一种新型视觉传感器。该传感器以高分辨率线阵 CCD芯片为核心 ,由光源、滤光片、透镜等光学系统及 CCD驱动电路、光电信号处理电路等组成 ,其中光电处理电路全部由硬件实现。整个视觉传感系统可以避免焊接时弧光的干扰 ,实时、准确地检测出焊缝轨迹线偏差信号 ,具有实时性强、鲁棒性好、成本低、重量轻等优点。借助所研制的视觉传感器 ,球罐焊接机器人能够实现沿焊缝的自主运动和焊炬与焊缝的自动对中 ,满足球罐多层多道焊接工艺要求 ,实现球罐焊接作业的智能化、自动化     

低重环境下液体非线性晃动的稳态响应

在俯仰激励作用下,圆柱贮箱中液体晃动存在平面运动、旋转运动和平面运动中的旋转运动等,而这些运动的稳定、不稳定区间的分界线与贮箱的半径、充液深度、重力强度、表面张力系数和晃动阻尼等基本系统参数有关．据此,首先建立了液体非线性晃动的微分方程组,并借助变分原理建立了液体压力体积分形式的Lagrange函数;然后将速度势函数在自由液面处作波高函数的级数展开,通过变分从而导出自由液面运动学和动力学边界条件非线性方程组;最后用多尺度法求解非线性方程组,就重力强度对圆柱形贮箱中液体非线性晃动的全局稳态响应的影响进行了详细的理论分析,并发现系统软硬特性的变化、跳跃和滞后等非线性现象．     

耦合船体横摇的减摇水舱流体运动和减摇效果预测

减摇水舱用于减小船体的横摇运动。由于水舱内部结构复杂,导致流体晃荡呈非线性。为了降低预测水舱特性和减摇效果的难度,采用计算流体力学VOF模型来分析水舱中流体的晃荡,在时域内,运用数值方法完成船体非线性横摇运动的实时仿真,其中耦合了水舱中流体和船体的运动。船体随机横摇时,进行水舱流体流量和力矩的功率谱分析,得到减摇频率范围及减摇前后的效果。结果表明,在其减摇频率范围内,减摇水舱具有良好的减摇能力,验证了此方法的可行性。     

Analysis of acoustic channels with a time-evolving sinusoidal surface

Sea-surface movement in the ocean induces a time-varying acoustic channel which affects underwater system including acoustic communication. For an investigation of surface movement effects on communication channel parameters (delay time, amplitude, etc.), acoustic transmission and reception experiments were conducted in the water tank. The delay time and amplitude of single surface bounce path from the measurement data show periodic time dependence, which is caused by a travelling periodic sinusoidal surface. A ray-based propagation model is applied to the experimental environment to estimate communication channel parameters. A comparison between measurement data and model result permit a physical interpretation of the communication channel parameters. The difference of single surface bounce path delay times from the model and measurement data are within small error bound. The delay times oscillate around the delay time of single surface bounce path when the surface is flat and show the periodic sine function. The amplitudes from the model are in agreement with those from the measurement data except at low amplitude region. Slight angle and frequency dependencies of source and receiver and noise in the water tank account for the disagreement in this region. Since the crest and trough of surface wave respectively make the acoustic energy emitted from the source converge and diverge, the amplitudes have high fluctuation and same phase with the delay time. The ray model is applied to an environment in the ocean. A striation pattern appears in surface reflected signal due to shadow zone on the surface.     

Dynamic fluid flow behaviour of a tank draining through a vertical tube

This paper describes the unsteady draining of a sealed tank partially filled with water. The water discharges via a vertical tube into an open tank at atmospheric conditions. The air inflow, compensating for the volume of the discharged liquid, enters the system in an oscillatory manner, much like the “gulping” seen in an upended beer bottle. A mathematical model, based closly on that derived by Dougall & Kathiresan [Chem. Engng Commun. 8, 289–304 (1981)], has been applied to predict the pressure fluctuations in the closed tank. The rate of water discharge from the tank has been predicted and gives a much closer agreement with experimental results than a prediction based on a steady counter-current flooding limitation approach. A drift flux model has been used to describe the two-phase flow effect in the tube and the Wallis flooding criterion has been modified for use in the slug flow regime to describe the boundary conditions at the bottom of the tube. The pressure fluctuations in the sealed tank have been measured and compared with results obtained from the mathematical prediction for a variety of tube diameters.     

非正交网格控制容积法分析复杂形状池内的流动

介绍一种基于非正交网格控制容积法的数学模型，及其在圆形沉沙池流动研究中的应用．该模型求解轴对称流动的连续方程及时均Ｎ－Ｓ方程，并采用标准ｋ－ε紊流模型，模拟圆形池内的流动．由于采用非正交网格，此计算模型可精确模拟几何形状较复杂的沉沙池内的流动，利用上述模型对某实际沉沙池进行了流场计算，计算所得流场与模型试验实测值符合良好．     

流动注射分析中混合釜体积与进样量的关系

在流路系统和载流速一定且进样体积不大于反应器体积的０．４５倍时，系统混合釜总体积Ｖｍ与进样体积Ｓｖ的关系可表示为：Ｖｍ＝（ａ＋ｂＳｖ）／（１＋Ｓｖ），ａ和ｂ为与实验条件有关的常数。单体积为定值，与进样体积无关，在流路系统和进样体积一定时，混合釜总体积为定值，与载流流速无关。     

标准金属量器液位图像识别装置的研制

在使用标准金属量器对液体进行计量过程中,传统的人工读取液位的方法测量效率和准确度都比较低。提出了一种高精度的标准量器液位图像识别装置,该装置主要由水平调整和图像处理两部分组成,选用S3C2440 ARM芯片和Linux嵌入式系统作为硬、软件平台。水平调整是通过SCA100T双轴倾角传感器测量量器的倾角并控制步进电机自动调整;对采集的液位图像,由OpenCV进行灰度化、滤波、边缘检测、液位提取,再经过标定计算转换成实际液位高度。实验结果表明该方法能快速测量液位,精度高,应用于燃油加油机计量检定装置上,有较好的推广价值。