Study of activated carbon supported iron catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Summary Characterization (BET and TPD) and reaction studies were conducted with activated carbon supported iron catalysts (Fe/AC) used for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The TPD study showed that there existed interactions between metals and the AC surface. Greater association of Cu and K promoters with the AC surface resulted in stronger promoter to surface interaction, which enhanced the H₂ desorption ability of the Cu and K promoted Fe/AC catalyst prepared under vacuum impregnation (VI). Catalytic behavior of a Fe/AC catalyst (VI-15 Fe/2 Cu/2 K/81 AC, in parts per weight) was studied in a 1-liter slurry phase continuous stirred tank reactor. The catalyst presented moderate syngas conversion (44.3-60.6%) and high gaseous selectivity (CH₄, 12.8-15.1% and C₂-C₄, 42.4-46.1%) under 304^oC, 3.0 MPa, 1.1 L(STP)/g-cat/h, and H₂/CO = 2.0 during 166 h of testing. Detectable hydrocarbons up to C₁₈ were formed on the Fe/AC catalyst.     

Analysis of acoustic channels with a time-evolving sinusoidal surface

Sea-surface movement in the ocean induces a time-varying acoustic channel which affects underwater system including acoustic communication. For an investigation of surface movement effects on communication channel parameters (delay time, amplitude, etc.), acoustic transmission and reception experiments were conducted in the water tank. The delay time and amplitude of single surface bounce path from the measurement data show periodic time dependence, which is caused by a travelling periodic sinusoidal surface. A ray-based propagation model is applied to the experimental environment to estimate communication channel parameters. A comparison between measurement data and model result permit a physical interpretation of the communication channel parameters. The difference of single surface bounce path delay times from the model and measurement data are within small error bound. The delay times oscillate around the delay time of single surface bounce path when the surface is flat and show the periodic sine function. The amplitudes from the model are in agreement with those from the measurement data except at low amplitude region. Slight angle and frequency dependencies of source and receiver and noise in the water tank account for the disagreement in this region. Since the crest and trough of surface wave respectively make the acoustic energy emitted from the source converge and diverge, the amplitudes have high fluctuation and same phase with the delay time. The ray model is applied to an environment in the ocean. A striation pattern appears in surface reflected signal due to shadow zone on the surface.     

低重环境下俯仰运动圆柱贮箱内液体晃动

考虑低重环境下由于表面张力的影响使得圆柱贮箱内液体呈现弯曲自由液面的情况,以俯仰激励下液体晃动的占优模态振型函数为晃动速度势的基函数,利用傅里叶-贝塞尔级数对贮箱受俯仰激励时的自由液面处的运动边界条件进行展开,得到能描述晃动系统本质的广义状态方程,并分别给出了固有频率、晃动波高、晃动力和晃动力矩等晃动特征的计算方法. 通过具体算例得到了俯仰激励下贮箱内液体晃动特征的动态响应,同时验证了文中方法的收敛性、可行性和正确性.      

搅拌槽流场特性的大涡模拟研究

采用大涡模型结合气液两相流时均方程,对六直叶圆盘涡轮搅拌槽内的流场特性进行了数值模拟。自由水面的捕捉用VOF(Volume of Fluid)法,用Simplec方法求解控制方程。通过模拟得到了搅拌槽内复杂的双涡旋流场结构、转轮叶端尾涡的发展变化情况以及轴向流速的分布规律。通过对比大涡模拟与RNGκ-ε的计算结果,得知大涡模型能模拟出流场内瞬时旋涡的发展变化过程,反映出挡板的存在破坏了圆形搅拌槽的流通模式,提高了叶片附近的混合效率;桨叶区域湍流呈现明显的各向异性,时均流速存在明显的波动性。从而证明了用大涡模拟探讨搅拌槽内湍流现象及流场结构的可靠性。     

Dynamics of dual pontoon floating structure for cage aquaculture in a two-dimensional numerical wave tank

The trend of using floating structures with cage aquaculture is becoming more popular in the open sea. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic properties of a dual pontoon floating structure (DPFS) when attached to a fish net by using physical and numerical models. A two-dimensional (2-D) fully nonlinear numerical wave tank (NWT), based on the boundary element method (BEM), is developed to calculate the wave forces on the DPFS. The wave forces on a fish net system are then evaluated using a modified Morison equation. The comparisons of dynamic behaviors between numerical simulations and experimental measurements on the DPFS show good agreement. Results also display that a fish net system causes the resonant response of body motions and mooring forces to be slightly lower due to the net's damping effect. Finally, for designing the rearing space of cage aquaculture, the influences which net depth and net width have on the DPFS dynamic responses are also presented in this paper.     

储液罐动力学与控制研究进展

阐述了储液罐动力学与控制的工程应用背景, 从3个方面回顾了储液罐动力学与控制的研究进展, 即: 储液罐类液体晃动动力学、液体晃动等效力学模型和储液罐多体系统动力学与控制. 其中对储液罐类液体晃动动力学的研究成果从解析方法和数值方法两方面进行了概述; 在储液罐多体系统动力学中概述了车载、船载储液罐系统动力学和充液航天器固--液--控耦合动力学近年来的研究成果.对今后需要进一步开展的研究方向进行了展望.      

Free bending vibration of annular cylindrical tank partially filled with liquid in the consideration of surface wave

ＦＲＥＥＢＥＮＤＩＮＧＶＩＢＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＡＮＮＵＬＡＲＣＹＬＩＮＤＲＩＣＡＬＴＡＮＫＰＡＲＴＩＡＬＬＹＦＩＬＬＥＤＷＩＴＨＬＩＱＵＩＤＩＮＴＨＥＣＯＮＳＩＤＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＵＲＦＡＣＥＷＡＶＥＺｈｏｕＤｉｎｇ（周叮）（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅ...     

非正交网格控制容积法分析复杂形状池内的流动

介绍一种基于非正交网格控制容积法的数学模型，及其在圆形沉沙池流动研究中的应用．该模型求解轴对称流动的连续方程及时均Ｎ－Ｓ方程，并采用标准ｋ－ε紊流模型，模拟圆形池内的流动．由于采用非正交网格，此计算模型可精确模拟几何形状较复杂的沉沙池内的流动，利用上述模型对某实际沉沙池进行了流场计算，计算所得流场与模型试验实测值符合良好．     

视觉技术在坦克火炮运动参数测量中的应用

为准确、便捷地测量坦克火炮运动参数,设计了一套基于视觉检测技术的测试系统。首先利用平面标定法对系统成像模型进行标定;然后基于迭代寻优的思路,采用动态阈值对光斑图像进行分割,并利用最小二乘法进行圆周拟合,结合光斑的几何特点进行光斑有效性判定,进而迭代获取最优的定位结果;最后结合光斑在投影靶标上的运行距离和时间,获得坦克火炮运动参数。实验结果表明,测试系统能够适应复杂的光照环境,满足对测量精度、重复性、便捷性的要求。     

小型储氢罐低温吸附特性影响因素及解决方案研究

为解决小型储氢罐在低温吸附过程中的高温积聚问题,本文首先对装有不同吸附材料金属有机骨架MOF-177和活性炭AX-21-33的小型储氢罐的充放气特性进行有限元数值模拟。研究发现,在充气过程中,热效应和压缩功产生的热积聚现象会严重影响氢气的吸附效果。对此,本文提出在储氢罐内部加设换热肋片的解决方案,通过改变换热肋片的位置和间隔,分析其对充气过程中罐内温度、压力和吸附量产生的影响。结果表明：该方案能有效降低储氢罐内的温度,也能解决底部高温聚集问题。本文研究结果对氢能应用具有一定的指导意义。