Modifications in track registration response of PADC detector by energetic protons

It has been well established that different ionising radiations modify the track registration properties of dielectric solids. In an effort to study the response of Polyallyl diglycol carbonate (PADC Homalite) detector towards fission fragment, PADC detectors were exposed to 10⁴ Gy dose of 62 MeV protons and then one set of samples were exposed to fission fragments from a ²⁵²Cf source. Two of these detectors were containing a thin layer of Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀). The study of the etched tracks by Leitz Optical Microscope reveals that the track diameters are enhanced by more than 70% in the proton irradiated zone as compared to that in the unirradiated zone. Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed after etching the sample in 6 N NaOH at 55°C for different etching times, to study the details of the surface modifications due to proton irradiation of PADC detectors with and without C₆₀ layer. Our observations revealed that the diameters and density of proton tracks have increased with etching time on the surface facing the fullerene layer as well as the other surface. However, a relatively more open structure of the etched surface containing C₆₀ as compared to the bare one may be an indication of the extra damage caused by the energy released upon the destruction of C₆₀ molecules by energetic protons.     

质子辐照ZnO白漆光学退化的慢正电子湮没分析

 采用慢正电子湮没光谱研究低能质子辐照下ZnO白漆的光学退化。研究结果表明,随质子辐照注量的增加, 多普勒展宽谱的S参数逐渐减小,W参数逐渐增大。质子辐照下S-W参数拟合曲线的斜率发生改变。S参数的减小可以归结为锌空位含量的减少以及准正电子素的形成。准正电子素{单电离氧空位（捕获一个电子）+正电子}的形成,能够降低正电子湮没的速率,导致S参数减小。S参数的减小证实了质子辐照导致ZnO白漆中单电离氧空位数量的增加。S-W参数拟合曲线斜率的变化可以归结于质子辐照下双电离氧空位向单电离氧空位的转变。     

Voltammetric Detection of Lead(II) Using Amide‐Cyclam‐ Functionalized Silica‐Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

2‐(4,8,11‐Triscarbamoylmethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradec‐1‐yl)acetamide (TETAM) derivatives bearing 1, 2, or 4 silylated arms have been synthesized and grafted to the surface of silica gel and ordered mesoporous silica samples. The resulting organic‐inorganic hybrids have been incorporated into carbon paste electrodes and applied to the preconcentration electroanalysis of Pb(II). The attractive recognition properties of these cyclam derivatives functionalized with amide pendent groups toward Pb(II) species and the highly porous structure of the adsorbents can be exploited for the selective and sensitive detection of the target analyte. Various parameters affecting the preconcentration and detection steps have been discussed with respect to the composition and pH of both accumulation and detection media, the nature of the adsorbent (number of silylated groups linking the macrocycle to silica, texture of materials), the accumulation time, and the presence of interfering cations. Under optimal conditions and for 2 min accumulation at open‐circuit, the voltammetric response increased linearly with the Pb(II) concentration in a range extending from 2×10^?7 to 10^?5 M, while a longer accumulation time of 15 min afforded a linear calibration curve between 10^?8 and 10^?7 M with a detection limit of 2.7×10^?9 M which is well below the European regulatory limit of lead in consumption water.